570 research outputs found
supplementary_file – Supplemental material for Cytotoxic effects of Benzodioxane, Naphthalene diimide, Porphyrin and Acetamol derivatives on HeLa cells
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_file for Cytotoxic effects of Benzodioxane, Naphthalene diimide, Porphyrin and Acetamol derivatives on HeLa cells by Shareni Jeyamogan, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Ayaz Anwar, Muhammad Raza Shah and Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui in SAGE Open Medicine</p
An Empirical Examination of Relationship between Pareto Principle and Stages of Leadership at University Level Ayaz Muhammad Khan*
Get PDFThe leading purpose of the current paper was to explore the relationship between Pareto Principle and stages of Leadership Proposed by inordinate leadership expert J.C Maxwell. Through a multistage sampling technique, (N=213) dyads were chosen to support this empirical evidence to the theory. The paradigm of the study was positivism; quantitative method and survey design were used to collect data through two structured questionnaires Leadership level assessment questionnaire (for subordinates) and Pareto Principle questionnaire (for leaders). It was hypothesized that there was no significant relationship between the Pareto Principle and five levels of leadership proposed by Maxwell. The results of the current paper signposted that, “there was a significant relationship between the Pareto Principle and Five levels of leadership” Proposed by J.C. Maxwell. All the five stages were significantly correlated with the coefficient Pinnacle (r=.46), People Development (r=.37), Production (r=.41), Permission (r=.42), and Position (r=.46). Additional findings were reconnoitred that, People development level has literature support having relationship Pareto Principle with five levels of leadership
Contribution of Services Sector in the Economy of Pakistan
Get PDFThe services sector has provided steady support to Pakistan’s economic growth. It share in GDP now stands a more than 50 percent. The paper analyses its continuation in the growth of the economy in general and the development of trade and genera tion of employment in particular. The study identifies the bottlenecks in its growth and suggest measures to remove them. A set of policy reforms has been suggested to make the sector more effective in the growth of the national economy.Services Sector, Industry, Employment, Financial Institutions and Pakistan’s Economy
Incidence of Nephropathy After Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis at Muhammad Teaching Hospital, Peshawar: A Single Institution Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFObjective: To determine the incidence of nephropathy after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with
decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Muhammad Teaching
Hospital (MTH), Peshawar, Pakistan from November 1st, 2024, to April 30th 2025.
Methods: A total of one hundred and ten (110) patients were part of the current study. This sample size was
obtained by using the WHO sample size calculator, for which a reference study was considered having a
frequency of renal impairment in about 83.3% of patients who had developed decompensated liver cirrhosis
followed by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Consecutive, non-probability sampling technique was used. The
confidence interval was equal to 95% while error margin was equal to 6% to calculate the size.
Results: Participants of the study were adults, and the minimum age was 18, whereas the oldest was 60 years,
with a mean of 46.436 ± 6.81 years. As chronic liver disease patients were selected, they had a prolonged
history of decompensated cirrhosis of the liver (mean duration was 8.845 ± 2.38 months). Gender classification
of 110 participants was done, in which males were 91 (82.7%) and females were 19 (17.3%). Nephropathy
(Renal impairment) was observed in 33 (30%) of patients after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in
decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Conclusion: In this study, the results showed that overall, there was 30% renal impairment in the observed
cases. They were more prominent in Child's Pugh C cirrhosis liver compared to Class A or B cirrhosis liver
because of the development of ascites.
How to cite this: Alam S, Ayaz M, Kausar SAZ, Ullah R, Imran A, Khan MS. Incidence of Nephropathy After Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis at Muhammad Teaching Hospital, Peshawar: A Single Institution Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Life and Science. 2025; 6(3): 356-361. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.94
Fortifying Smart Home Security: A Robust and Efficient User-Authentication Scheme to Counter Node Capture Attacks
Get PDFIn smart home environments, the interaction between a remote user and devices commonly occurs through a gateway, necessitating the need for robust user authentication. Despite numerous state-of-the-art user-authentication schemes proposed over the years, these schemes still suffer from security vulnerabilities exploited by the attackers. One severe physical attack is the node capture attack, which allows adversaries to compromise the security of the entire scheme. This research paper advances the state of the art by conducting a security analysis of user-authentication approaches regarding their vulnerability to node capture attacks resulting in revelations of several security weaknesses. To this end, we propose a secure user-authentication scheme to counter node capture attacks in smart home environments. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we employ the BAN logic and ProVerif tool for verification. Lastly, we conduct performance analysis to validate the lightweight nature of our user-authentication scheme, making it suitable for IoT-based smart home environments
Certificate in Project Preparation and Project Management
No full textCertificate in Project Preparation and Project Management : a customized program for KP Revenue Mobilization & Public Resource Management Program (KPRMP).
Front Row- Left to Right: Ashfaq Ahmed, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Rida Haroon, Yusra Shoukat, Mohsin Chandna, Sarah Rehman, Sana Imtiaz, Aamir Bashir, Muhammad Ayaz Khan, Said Ul Amin, Javed Khilji
Middle Row- Left to Right: Aftab Ahmad, Yar Muhammad, Muqtida Bin Syed Gillani, Atta ur Rehman, Muhammad Riaz, Naveed Alam, Naveed Khan, Syed Hammad Haider, Muhammad Shiraz
Last Row: Left to Right: Saba Hameed, Kehkashan Mazhar, Munawar Jamal, Abdul Rehman, Zahid Ahmed, Jaydeephttps://ir.iba.edu.pk/training-events-gallery/1004/thumbnail.jp
Poverty Dynamics of Female-headed Households in Pakistan: Evidence from PIHS 2000-01 and PSLM 2004-05
Get PDFThe paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as “feminisation of poverty”, using the sub-sample of female -headed households (FHHs) from two household surveys in Pakistan. Although, the database is constrained by quality factors and small sample size, the following findings add to the richness of current research in this area: (a) The numerical incidence of poverty among households headed by females is less than that for all households in the country, at the national, urban and rural level for both the years. This can be traced to the finding that more than 70 percent of households headed by females receive remittances, (b) The incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 did not decline as fast as it did for mixed households, nationwide. In urban areas, it did not decline at all, (c) Among the determinants of poverty of FHHs, illiteracy, dependency and rural residence exacerbate poverty, while remittances domestic and/ or foreign reduce poverty, (d) The dynamics of incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period indicated that Illiteracy as the factor exacerbating poverty became less important in 2004-05. Moreover, residence in rural areas was also a weaker factor in determining the incidence of poverty. By far the most notable contribution in reducing the incidence of poverty was self-employment in agriculture in 2004-05.
Enhancing Security and Privacy in Healthcare Systems Using a Lightweight RFID Protocol
Get PDFExploiting Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in healthcare systems has become a common practice, as it ensures better patient care and safety. However, these systems are prone to security vulnerabilities that can jeopardize patient privacy and the secure management of patient credentials. This paper aims to advance state-of-the-art approaches by developing more secure and private RFID-based healthcare systems. More specifically, we propose a lightweight RFID protocol that safeguards patients’ privacy in the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) domain by utilizing pseudonyms instead of real IDs, thereby ensuring secure communication between tags and readers. The proposed protocol has undergone rigorous testing and has been proven to be secure against various security attacks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of how RFID technology is used in healthcare systems and benchmarks the challenges faced by these systems. Then, it reviews the existing RFID authentication protocols proposed for IoT-based healthcare systems in terms of their strengths, challenges, and limitations. To overcome the limitations of existing approaches, we proposed a protocol that addresses the anonymity and traceability issues in existing schemes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that our proposed protocol had a lower computational cost than existing protocols and ensured better security. Finally, our proposed lightweight RFID protocol ensured strong security against known attacks and protected patient privacy using pseudonyms instead of real IDs
Frequency of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Spot Urine ACR and Its Associated Risk Factors
Get PDFObjective: To determine the frequency of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients using spot urine ACR
ratio and identify its associated risk factors.
Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out at the Department of Medicine, Muhammad
Teaching Hospital (MTH) Peshawar, Pakistan from February 01, 2023, to July 31, 2023.
Methods: A total of 150 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated. The sample size was
calculated with a WHO sample size calculator using a reference study with a 10.8% prevalence of diabetic
nephropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; confidence interval = 95% and the margin of error was 5%.
Results: With an SD ± 5.146, the mean age was 49 years old. There were 87 (58%) females and 63 (42%) males
present. Out of 150 individuals, the spot urine ACR was analyzed. Of these, 47 (31%) had microalbuminuria (less
than 300 mg/m) while, 28 patients (19%) had macroalbuminuria (more than 300 mg/m), whereas end-stage
renal disease was found in 6 (4%) with GFR < 30 ml/m -1.73 m2. A study was conducted on 150 individuals to
determine the status of diabetic nephropathy. Of these, 81 (54%) had diabetic nephropathy and 69 (46%) did
not.
Conclusion: Using the spot urine ACR ratio, our study suggests that 46% of type-2 diabetic patients had diabetic
nephropathy. The incidence was 24% in people with diabetes for 5–10 years and 26% in patients with diabetes
for 11–15 years. Patients with diabetes for 16 to 20 years had a 50% incidence. In conclusion, those with
diabetes for a longer period are at a much greater risk of diabetic nephropathy.
How to cite this: Ullah A, Kausar SAZ, Ayaz M, Khan MS, Ullah S, Saeed RF. Frequency of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Spot Urine ACR and Its Associated Risk Factors. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 459-464. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.80
Investigating Urinary Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Urine Culture Study.
No full text© Copyright 2024 Khan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases. Females are more affected than males. The primary culprit is Escherichia coli. Multiple research investigations have documented widespread antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens, sparking global concerns, especially regarding the rise of multidrug resistance (MDR).
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select participants, and informed consent was obtained from them. Data were extracted from the culture and sensitivity reports of these patients. The collected data were meticulously entered into IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The findings were then presented using a blend of percentages and numerical figures, offering a clear and concise representation of the data.
Results: Our study of 313 participants showed a higher prevalence of UTIs in females (219, 70%) compared to males (94, 30%). E. coli and Citrobacter were the predominant pathogens, with E. coli and Citrobacter more common in females, while Enterobacter and Staphylococcus were more prevalent in males. Antibiogram analysis revealed sensitivities to specific drugs like nitrofurantoin and meropenem, while resistance was observed against others, including polymyxin B and ampicillin. These findings stress the need for tailored UTI treatment approaches.
Conclusions: In conclusion, our research highlights a concerning trend of escalating antibiotic resistance among Pakistani patients with UTIs. Tobramycin B, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, and clotrimazole exhibited the highest resistance rates, while imipenem, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, and tigecycline demonstrated notable sensitivity. These findings emphasize the urgent need for the exploration of alternative treatment options to combat rising resistance levels effectively
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