865 research outputs found
Cadmium induces GAPDH- and- MDH mediated delayed cell aging and dysfunction in Candida tropicalis 3Aer
No full textEnhancing Industrial 4.0 Connectivity: A D2D-Based Algorithm for Blind Spot Mitigation in 5G Future Networks Enabled Smart Industry
No full textThe Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced and emerging technologies such as Fifth Generation (5G) and Next-Generation Networks & beyond, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet-of- Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Robotics, Automation, Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and many others. Despite the widespread adoption of 5G, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, and other wireless technologies in the industry, there are still areas with limited or no coverage, commonly known as blind spots or coverage holes. The Device-to-Device (D2D) communication enables direct communication without a central entity, known as a coordinator or base station. By leveraging D2D communication, IoT nodes can serve as relays to deal with blind spots. In this research, we propose a novel D2D communication-based algorithm to cope with the challenge of blind spots in IoT -based smart industries. The algorithm focuses on nodes situated in blind spots by establishing connections to the network through nearby IoT nodes that function as relays. We demonstrate through simulations that our approach can effectively remove blind spots, improve coverage, increase throughput, and enhance overall system efficiency
Enhancing spectrum sensing efficiency in multi-channel cognitive device-to-device networks: Medium Access Control layer strategies and analysis
No full textThe detection and characterisation of electromagnetic signals within a specific frequency range, known as spectrum sensing, plays a crucial role in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). The CRNs aim to adapt their communication parameters to the surrounding radio environment, thereby improving the efficiency and utilisation of the available radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing is particularly important in device-to-device (D2D) communication when operating independently of the cellular network infrastructure. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol coordinates device communication and ensures interference-free operation of the CRN coexisting with the primary cellular network. A spectrum sensing strategy at the MAC layer for cognitive D2D communication. The strategy focuses on reducing the overall sensing period allocated at the MAC layer by having each Cognitive D2D User (cD2DU) sense a smaller subset of available channels while maintaining the same sensing time for cellular user detection at the physical layer. To achieve this, the concept of concurrent groups of D2D devices is introduced in proximity, which are formed by using unique IDs of cD2DUs during the device discovery stage. Each concurrent group senses a specific portion of the cellular user band in a shorter time, resulting in a reduced overall sensing period. In addition to mitigating traffic congestion through data diversion from the cellular network, the proposed strategy facilitates the concurrent sensing of multiple channels by cD2DUs within the underutilised cellular user band. This leads to extended data transmission periods, increased network throughput, and effective offloading of the cellular network. The effectiveness of the proposed work is evaluated by considering factors, such as network throughput and transmission time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach in improving spectrum utilisation and communication efficiency in multi-channel Cognitive D2D Networks (cD2DNs)
Travelogue "Butterfly Rays and Tornadoes" Intellectual Review
No full textTravel is part of human nature. He wants to get acquainted with the culture and way of life of
the place where he is traveling. The First travelogue is “Ajaibat e Farang” the author of which
is Yousaf Hussain Kambal posh. After him Sir Syed Ahmed khan, Allama Shibli Noumani and
Muhammad Hussain Azad also wrote travelogues. The twinth century remained popolur
because of travel. Travelogues of Shafiq ur Rehman, Ibn e Insha and Begum Akhtar Riaz ud
Din came to light during this period. Women travelogues Sheen Farukh, Bushra Rehman and
Parveen Atif. Parveen Atif wrote two Urdu travelogues “Kiran Titli Or Bagoly” and “Taper
Wasni”.Her travelogues are beautiful gift in intellectual terms.
 
Milk Supply Chain and Efficiency of Smallholder Dairy Producers in Pakistan
No full textMany developing countries are re-orienting their production and marketing systems by linking local agri-producers with organized supply chain networks and supermarkets to meet increasing consumer demands. However, the existing literature is silent on the effects of such integration on relative inefficiency of smallholder producers. This paper analyzes the effects of such supply chains using data from a natural experiment in the dairy sector of Pakistan. We study the impact of rural milk supply chain, known as milk district, on smallholder efficiency of commercial dairy producers by employing stochastic production frontier and technical inefficiency effects model using survey data of 800 dairy households. While location of dairy households in our sample is exogenously determined, building of milk supply chain indeed decreases technical inefficiency. We detect stronger power of milk district in further reducing technical inefficiency if the farms are located in remote areas, or if their size is relatively large. The advice to policy makers from these results conforms to the standard economic view that market competition leads to decreased levels of technical inefficiency of smallholder producers.supply chain, Production frontiers, Dairy efficiency, Food policy
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP: Muhammad Atif Bashir, Shakeel Sarwar, Muhammad Rizwan, Waseem Ahmad Khan
No full textThis study outlines an inclusive review of past studies on “entrepreneurial leadership (EL)”. A systematic literature review (SLTR) is an accredited approach for producing the trustworthy understandings from an evidence based technique. The approach of SLTR used in this study is conducted stepwise for providing the support to conceptual development of EL. The review method of this research conduct begins with keywords’ identification collected from the panel of review. These search strings were then utilized in nine databases that were considered as highly suitable for the research in management field. These databases include: Emerald, JSTOR, Sage journals, Science direct, Springer link, Taylor and Francis, Web of Knowledge, and Wiley online library. To obtain the relevant articles, titles and abstracts were screened out based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. The references and citations of chosen papers were scrutinized to decide their exclusion and inclusion. Initially, 216 articles in total were recognized that were further refined in the process of review. Duplicate papers chosen from given databases were then filtered out. In the end, the study has selected 97 papers that were suitable for the review and analysis. The findings of this paper sustenance the conclusion that EL is an important determinant that enhances organizational performance across competitive and turbulent atmospheres. Though, what is indistinct is the magnitude to which the EL attributes recognized are pertinent in a specific context. The research results highlight the manifold attributes relevant to EL like vision, risk-taking, effective communication, creativity and innovativeness. It has been seen that while the SLTR procedures came up with a exhaustive review of the past studies on EL, the effectiveness of the literatures is restricted to the search specific sentence strings used in the databases. Based on the SLTR, recommendations and future suggestions with specific reference to emerging countries are propose
Integration of Palliative Care into the Management of Head and Neck Malignancies – One Year Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
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