339 research outputs found
Experimental study on the Microwave processing of waste tyre rubber aggregates to enhance their surface properties for their use in rubberised bituminous mixtures
No full textThis experimental study utilises the microwave technology to process the waste tyre rubber aggregates to enhance the interaction properties of waste rubber and bitumen by smoothing its surface. This was to make the waste rubber less reactive to the bitumen sample at the elevated temperatures of around 140-170°C. Parameters such as the microwave power, the height of the sample inside the processing chamber and the processing time have been considered and optimised. The results show that the microwave processing technique designed in this study has significantly smoothened the surface of waste rubber. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) surface analysis has been carried out to confirm the changes and smoothness of the rubber surface in comparison to the untreated waste rubber aggregates. In addition, Microwave spectroscopy analysis has been carried out to confirm the reduction in the absorption properties of waste rubber. The microwave curves of the bitumen samples extracted from the treated rubber-bitumen blend are comparable to the pure bitumen sample with minute shifts in the resonant peaks. The results show the potential of the technique and recommends designing a dedicated processing unit to further improve it through parameters such as volumetric and uniform surface treatment, penetration depth of the microwaves
An innovative microwave cavity sensor for non-destructive characterisation of polymers
No full textThis paper investigates the feasibility of using an innovative microwave sensing technology to characterise and study various properties of polymer material such as difference between various polymer types, particle size and particle size distribution, contamination and pigmentation. A microwave sensor designed previously has been utilised to carry out this initial study to analyse the capability of microwave techniques to carry out the analysis. The curves obtained from material response to microwaves are distinguishable showing the shift to the lower frequency end with the insertion of polymer material. S11 measurements have shown distinctive peaks for each size and type of the sample tested. The results are quantifiable in terms of various polymer properties under consideration. In terms of S21 measurements, microwave sensor clearly distinguishes between coarse and fine polymer samples in terms of particle size. The effect of air voids in the sample and the particle size distribution has also been studied. The results are promising and justifies a thorough design and development of a dedicated microwave sensor unit for the characterisation of polymers. The sensor will have a significant industrial benefit in terms of costs associated with the industrial analysis, increase in the efficiency of manufacturing and production operation as well as material quality, control and validation
Feasibility study on using microwave sensing technique to analyse silver-based products
No full textThis paper reports on the feasibility of using a novel and robust microwave sensing technology to detect and analyse various silverbased products such as silver nitrate and silver oxide. The focus of the investigation is to differentiate between the two products, identify the contamination and change in the sample size. A microwave sensor designed previously in house has been utilised to carry out this initial study to analyse the capability of microwave sensing technique to carry out the analysis. The change in the microwave spectra are used as an indicator of the difference in the silver products and any contamination they may have. The results and their detailed repeatability confirm the viability of using microwave sensing technique as a potential method to analyse various silver products. The curves obtained from the material response to microwaves are distinguishable and can be related to the materials’ properties. The study suggests a design and development of a bespoke unit as a dedicated analysis tool and to address any anomalies arising from the current feasibility. This will have a huge industrial benefit in terms of cost reduction and time associated with the industrial analysis
Temperature Impact in Electromagnetic Non-Invasive Water/Oil/Gas Multiphase Real Time Monitoring
No full textThe measurement of the reflected S-parameter (S11) for multiphase (liquid-liquid-gas) 10-60% water, 70-20% oil and 20% gas (air) in volume are monitored using an electromagnetic microwave resonation method at a frequency range of 1-6 GHz. The measurements were examined at variable temperature ranges from 5-60 oC that were stepped by 5 oC. Clear shifts are observed in three resonant peaks of the S-parameter measurements as a volume fraction of mixture constituents. These are changed by 10% per step. The two frequency type (horizontal) S11 shifts take place at main (4 GHz frequency) and around 5 GHz frequency resonant peaks and one power type (vertical) shift at 5.45 GHz frequency resonant peak. When the temperature is held constant, the S11 values for all resonant peaks increase as WVF (water volume fraction) in the mixture increases. When WVF is held constant, the values of S11 increase as the temperature increases for around 5 GHz, 5.45 GHz frequency peaks and decreases for main peak. The results are validated by HFSS simulation executed for all tested volume fractions at 5 and 60 oC. For verification, a complete simulation is carried out at 40-40-20 percent of water-oil-gas and compared with experimental results at 5 oC intervals from 5-60 oC. The experimental results agreed well with theoretical predictions that simulated the HFSS software package with a maximum error of 1.91% for 5 oC mixtures and 1.13% for 60 oC mixtures at the main peak and 5.4% for 5 oC mixtures and 6.01% for 60 oC mixtures at 5.45 GHz peak. The study shows that the S11 measurements can be used as a dependent method to specify both the phase fraction of the multiphase mixture as well as its salinity and temperature
(اردو میں محمد حسین آزاد شناسی کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ (مکمل کتب کی روشنی میں
No full textMuhammad Hussain Azad was a renowed Urdu writer who proved his maestro in the field of Urdu criticisim and literature. His ideas depict his era as well as the traces of upcoming time. That’s why his work and art has been appreciated worldwide. Many researchers has written critical books and articles about his life, work and effects. This article throws light on the critical work of scholars in which Azad's life and works are being analyzed. In this way, we can come through the tradition of Azad Shanasi through times. This article also shows the critical views about prominent critics of Muhammad Hussain Azad including Dr. Muhammad Sadiq,Qazi Abdul Wadood, Syed Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb, Dr. Aslam Farrukhi, Muhammad Ikram Chughtai, Jahan Bano Naqvi, Nand Kishore Vikram, Dr Abid Peshawari, Qazi Muhammad Khalid Iqbal, Muzaffar Hanfi, Ateeq Ullah, Dr Rasheed Ashraf Khan, Syed Jameel Ahamd Azar and many more.
Folio
No full textZahoor Hussain Chohan-Editorial; Riaz Hussain-Article-Muhammad (SAW) and the People of India and Pakistan. pp. 7-11; Ahsan Waseem-Poetry-The Land of the Pious. pp. 11; Sultan Khan-Article-Quaid as a Political Philosopher. pp. 12-14; Aniza Zaheer-Article-Building-Up the National Fiber. pp. 15-19; Muhammad Tanvir-Essay-Importance of Discipline. pp. 19-20; Hameed Nizamee, Edited by Saleem Mansur Khalid-Article-Iqbal and his Urdu Poetry a General Survey Based on his Urdu Works. pp. 21-33; Amjad Ali Bhatti-Essay-The Prophet's Message to the Muslims. pp. 34-36; Arif Qureshi-Poetry-Salute to the Quaid. pp. 36; Tahir Kamran-Essay-Rise of Muslim History Writing. pp. 37-39; Muhammad Ahsan Pasha-Essay-Where do we Stand. pp. 40-42; Irshad-ul-Hasan-Poetry-The Walls of Glass. pp. 43-44; Rubina Nazir Chohan-Poetry-Gift. pp. 44; Sohail Ahmad Sharyar-Essay-What Is Literature. pp. 45-47; Muhammad Ahsan Pasha-Poetry-A Funny Commentary on Chaucer. pp. 47-48; Irshad-ul-Hasan-Article-Symbolism. pp. 49-61; Gilani Kamran-Essay-Discovering Folklore. pp. 62-64; Mohammad Tanvir Butt-Essay-Father of the Nation. pp. 65-67; Tariq Hameed Rathore-Poetry-Pleasant Manner. pp. 68; Syed Saadat Mehdi-The Days at College. pp. 68-69; Muhammad Akmal-Three Narrations. pp. 69-70; Wasif Rashid-Friendship & Friends. pp. 71; Ateeq-ur-Rahman-May You Have. pp. 71; Ali Awais-Quotes. pp. 72; Hammad Raza-Definitions. pp. 72; Akhlaque Ahmad-Mind and its Problems. pp. 73-74; Kamran Mahboob-Notice for the Students. pp. 75; Sana-ur-Rahman-Article-Emancipation of Women. pp. 76-80; Dalip Kumar Rajpoot-Best Use of Youth. pp. 80; Akhtar Ali Khan-Essay-Way to Economic Progress. pp. 81-82; Zia-ul-Haq-Essay-The World First Democracy. pp. 82-83; Zahor Hussain Chohan-On the Eve of Retirement. pp. 84; Folio [Urdu]. 272 p.College Buildings. after English title; Quaid-e-Azam. after contents; Allama Iqbal. 1 page after contents; Dr Shaukat Ali, Principal. 2 pages after contents; Prof Talat Mahmood. 3 pages after contents; Students Union 1988-1989. after page 84; Editorial Board 1988-89. after editorial Urdu pag
A Proof of Concept Study on Utilising a Non-invasive Microwave Analysis Technique to Characterise Silver Based Materials in Aqueous Solution
No full textThis paper reports on the feasibility of using a novel and robust microwave sensing technique to analyse and detect silver materials in an aqueous solution. Two products are tested, namely: silver chloride and silver oxide. The study mainly focused on indicating the difference between them and also any change in the size/size distribution of the sample. A microwave sensor designed previously is utilised to identify the potential of the technique to carry out the analysis. The results are presented as microwave spectrums that are the material response to microwaves. The results have shown that the technique has reasonably indicated the change in material type as well as size distribution. The results also show that these curves are distinguishable and can be related to the material and the change in its size. It is concluded that there is a potential of extending this technique to determine various other properties of silver products. The study suggests a design and development of a bespoke unit as a dedicated analysis tool and to address any anomalies arising from the current feasibility. This will have a huge industrial benefit in terms of cost reduction and time associated with the industrial analysis of silver material
A review on recycling technique and remanufacturing of the carbon fiber from the carbon fiber polymer composite: processing, challenges, and state-of-arts
No full text202408 bcchVersion of RecordSelf-fundedPublishedC
Upgrading waste rubber aggregates using chemical waves for various industrial applications
No full textWaste tyres are abundantly available, and if utilised in large volumes can contribute to sustainable development and an environmentally friendly secondary aggregate option. Research in the use of waste tyre in the form of crumb rubber and powder obtained after processing, specifically for pavement engineering applications, has increased over the decades due to the engineering and mechanical properties it can bring into the pavement surfaces. These include improved durability, better service quality, and reduced noise compared to the use of tradition all primary aggregates, such as crushed rock, gravel, etc. Through years of research, the experts and researchers identified that, although, waste rubber improves the mechanical behaviour of rubberised bituminous surfaces, yet, there exist issues that need addressing. This PhD research work focuses on improving the properties of the waste tyre rubber aggregates obtained from scrap tyres for various rubberised bituminous surface applications. It identifies the issues and knowledge gap, which are related to the performance of the waste tyre aggregates in bituminous mixes and the service life of the product. However, current research has identified one of the major issues related to the interaction between the rubber and bitumen at elevated temperatures higher than 140°C. When the rubber and bitumen interacts at higher temperatures, it results in the diffusion of light fractions (maltenes, or specifically aromatic oils) from bitumen into rubber and the rubber swells by 3-5 times its original volume. The bitumen becomes hard and brittle due to the lower percentage of light fractions left compared to the heavy fractions and the rubber loses its bonding in the bituminous mixes due to the swelling which leads to breaking of the bonding and subsequently short service life of rubberised pavements. This research focuses specifically on the reduction in the absorption properties of waste rubber after its interaction with bitumen to produce highly durable material.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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