274 research outputs found
Impact of urea-molasses treated wheat straw levels in total mixed rations on growth and nutrient digestibility in Azikheli buffalo calves
No full textThis study investigates the impact of urea molasses-treated wheat straw on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Azikheli buffalo male calves. A longitudinal experiment was conducted on sixteen calves, randomly assigned to four experimental dietary treatments (n = 4 per group). The experimental diets included a control group (U0) with untreated wheat straw and three groups where urea molasses-treated wheat straw replaced 33% (U33), 66% (U66), or 100% (U100) of the straw in the total mixed ration. Results indicated that increasing the proportion of urea-treated wheat straw from 0 to 100% led to significant improvements in dry matter intake (from 2931 to 4034 g/day) and organic matter intake (from 2596 to 3623 g/day). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber also followed an increasing trend, reaching 77.42%, 81.21%, 87.10%, and 60.22%, respectively, at the highest urea-treated wheat straw level. Furthermore, weight gain was significantly greater in calves fed 100% urea-treated wheat straw, followed by those in the U66, U33, and U0 groups. Feed conversion efficiency improved substantially in the U100 and U66 groups than U33 and U0. These findings suggest that incorporating higher levels of UMTWS in total mixed rations enhances nutrient digestibility, promoting superior growth performance and feed efficiency in Azikheli buffalo calves
Comparison of butt joint effects in Profiled Steel Sheet Dry Board (PSSDB) wall panel with door opening / Samsul Izwan Anwar
Get PDFThe report presents a behavior of a Profiled Steel Sheet Dry Board (PSSDB) with door opening system, which acts as a load-bearing wall. Three samples of panel were tested in this study. The overall dimension of each sample is 1320mm width and 1000mm height. The door opening dimension is 700mm x 300mm. The overall thickness of each sample is 78mm. This study used Bondek II as a profiled steel sheet and Cemboard as a dry board. A procedure has been developed for determining the deflection mode, the stressstrain relationship, the cracking pattern and the ultimate load capacity. The average ultimate load capacity for this study was 239.23kN and average maximum lateral displacement was 6.45 mm. The results have been compared with previous students' (Mohd Rashid (2003), Muhammad Zihan (2003) and Muhammad Shahriz (2004)) results
Nature and death in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī, and certain English Romantic poets : a comparative study
No full textThe first part of this thesis, divided into two
chapters, deals with the early background of European
Romanticism; the reasons behind its appearance and
problems of definition. There follows a discussion on
the question of the originality of Arabic Romanticism,
with ,a brief review of the roots and main literary groups
of this movement in Arabic poetry.
Part two examines the influence of English poetry
and thought on three Arab Romantic poets: Nāzik Sādiq
al-Malā'ika, Abū al-Qāsim al-Shābbī and
Abd aI-Rahmān Shukrī.
This is discussed parallel with the channels of
this influence.
The main focus of this research is however, to show
the ways in which al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī perceived and reflected nature and death in their poetry.
Their attitudes towards certain phenomena in nature
such as the countryside, night, the sea, childhood and
moral and social lessons of nature are compared with
certain attitudes of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and
Shelley.
Themes such as life and death, fear of death,
fatalism, immortality and death as a welcome experience
are also the concern of this thesis, with a comparison of
these themes in the poetry of the Arab and English
Romantic poets.
However, owing to the popularity of Keats and
Shelley with the three Arab Romantic poets, this thesis
concentrates on their poetry.
This research has selected only certain phenomena
and themes from nature--and death because of the dominance
of these subjects in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī. The translations of Arabic poetry in this thesis are
intended to convey the general sense of the source texts,
rather than to give a precise rendering of these texts
into English
Solving Pakistan's Poverty Puzzle: Whom Should We Believe? What Should We Do?
Get PDFUnderstanding Pakistan’s economic performance has never been easy. Its capacity to generate impressive rates of economic growth in the 1960s and 1980s with low levels of savings, investment and very poor human development indicators confounded its critics. Indeed during the overall period 1960–1990 Pakistan’s growth performance would place it in the top ten countries in the world. This made an eminent economist Professor Richard Eckaus remark, “Pakistan is a puzzle, a miracle of levitation. With one of the lowest domestic savings rate in Asia, its economy has performed quite creditably. Since we do not believe in miracles, we have to wonder whether the capital inflows that have sustained this growth will last”.1 Unfortunately they did not. Pakistan’s growth rate in the 1990s came tumbling down, the result of a number of factors of which a decline in capital inflows also played a significant part. If Pakistan’s growth performance has been in part difficult to justify then understanding or explaining changes and wide fluctuations in its poverty levels has posed even a more challenging task. Pakistan has witnessed over the last three decades periods of high economic growth, as in the 1960s, accompanied with increasing poverty levels, periods of low economic growth, as in the 1970s, accompanied by reductions in poverty levels, periods of high economic growth leading to a decline in poverty as in the 1980s and periods of low economic growth as in the 1990s accompanied by as we shall see by increasing poverty levels.
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
Get PDFThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
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Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
Social impact of circular economy startups
No full textCircular economy startups are pivotal in advancing sustainable and equitable economic models. This chapter explores their social impact, focusing on key metrics that highlight their contributions to environmental sustainability, economic development, social equity, and consumer engagement. By examining environmental benefits, job creation, inclusion practices, and supply chain sustainability, the chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of how these startups drive positive societal change. Challenges in measuring social impact are also discussed, emphasizing the need for standardized indicators and robust data collection. The findings underscore the importance of effective metrics in demonstrating the value of circular economy practices and guiding future developments. This exploration is crucial for stakeholders aiming to understand and enhance the role of circular startups in fostering a more sustainable and equitable future
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
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Knowledge management (KM) and supply chain agility : Investigating how KM practices contribute to supply chain agility in entrepreneurial contexts
No full textThis paper explores the critical role of Knowledge Management (KM) in enhancing supply chain agility within entrepreneurial contexts. As businesses face increasingly complex and dynamic environments, the ability to rapidly adapt and respond to changes in the supply chain is essential for maintaining competitiveness. The study examines how KM practices, such as knowledge sharing, data analytics, and collaborative platforms, contribute to improved decision-making, risk management, and operational efficiency. By analyzing case studies from diverse industries, the paper highlights the practical implications of KM on supply chain performance and identifies the challenges organizations face in implementing effective KM strategies. Additionally, it provides insights into future trends, including the integration of AI and Big Data, and offers research directions for advancing the understanding of KM's impact on supply chain agility
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