7 research outputs found
Rosli Dobi / Muhammad Akmal Firdaus Zuhaimi ... [et al.]
No full textIn this business plan, the main parts that are included are Business Description, Marketing Plan, Operation Plan, Administration Plan, Financial Plan, and Business Model Canvas. In our business plan, we have clearly outlined our company and given all of the company's facts that we require. We've given the company's location, as well as a map of our location, together with the company's information. The aim of the business plan is also stated, which is to provide the greatest self-laundry service and apply for the necessary funds. We added their comprehensive profiles in terms of information about our partners in order to introduce our new business owners. In our marketing strategy, we listed all of the marketing methods that will be utilized in our company. We've also included information on the service we offer, our target market, and rivals, as well as market size and share. We went so far as to forecast our company's sales over the following three years. For our sales revenue, this will act as a guideline and benchmark. A marketing budget schedule was also created. This is to ensure that our money is spent correctly and on time. In terms of the operating plan, we developed a working and planning procedure that specifies the workflow for our clients who have used our services. This is to ensure that our customer support procedure runs smoothly and according to the rules. We've also done some planning for production, calculating the expected services for each month, week, and day. A list of suppliers, machineries and equipment, and supplies is also included. We projected the stock purchase after estimating the quantity of stocks for each month throughout the duration of three years. Finally, we estimated the operations budget and produced a project implementation timetable. In the administration plan, we established our company's goals, vision, and mission. The organizational charts have been presented, and they include the jobs of operation manager, marketing manager, administrative manager, and financial manager. We make a list of how many employees there are, what their jobs and responsibilities are, and how much they are paid. We've also provided a list of office equipment needs and a budget for administration. The financial plan includes all of the budgets and costs for each department. The financial plan includes the menu, capital expenditures, pre-operating and working capital predictions, sales and purchase projections, project implementation cost, project financing sources, cash flow, income statement, and balance sheet. Finally, we propose a business model canvas for our company plan (BMC). BMC is a visual tool that emphasizes the value that customers receive. A BMC can help our company remain on top of new opportunities and revenue streams
Optimizing Bonding Parameters for Glued Laminated Timber from Fast-Growing Laran Species Using Polyurethane Adhesive
No full textThis study investigates the optimization of bonding parameters for glued laminated timber (glulam) made from fast-growing Laran species using Polyurethane (PUR) adhesive, focusing on the adhesive spread rate and press pressure. The research aims to determine the shear strength, delamination properties, and wood failure percentage of Laran glulam, contributing to the sustainable use of fast-growing timber species in engineered wood products. The results showed a complex relationship between adhesive spread, press pressure, delamination, shear strength, and wood failure percentage. Higher press pressures generally reduced delamination but also decreased shear strength and increased wood failure. The optimal bonding parameters, determined through response surface methodology (RSM), were a adhesive spread of 400 g/m2 and a press pressure of 0.74 MPa, yielding a predicted shear strength of 7.68 N/mm2 and a wood failure percentage of 83.74%, although the predicted total delamination slightly exceeded the acceptable limit. The study successfully identified the optimal bonding parameters for Laran glulam using PUR adhesive, highlighting the trade-offs between delamination resistance and shear strength and underscoring the potential of Laran in glulam production
Optimizing Bonding Parameters for Glued Laminated Timber from Fast-Growing Laran Species Using Polyurethane Adhesive
No full textThis study investigates the optimization of bonding parameters for glued laminated timber (glulam) made from fast-growing Laran species using Polyurethane (PUR) adhesive, focusing on the adhesive spread rate and press pressure. The research aims to determine the shear strength, delamination properties, and wood failure percentage of Laran glulam, contributing to the sustainable use of fast-growing timber species in engineered wood products. The results showed a complex relationship between adhesive spread, press pressure, delamination, shear strength, and wood failure percentage. Higher press pressures generally reduced delamination but also decreased shear strength and increased wood failure. The optimal bonding parameters, determined through response surface methodology (RSM), were a adhesive spread of 400 g/m2 and a press pressure of 0.74 MPa, yielding a predicted shear strength of 7.68 N/mm2 and a wood failure percentage of 83.74%, although the predicted total delamination slightly exceeded the acceptable limit. The study successfully identified the optimal bonding parameters for Laran glulam using PUR adhesive, highlighting the trade-offs between delamination resistance and shear strength and underscoring the potential of Laran in glulam production
Depth Effect of Tropical Heavy Hardwood of Kekatong Species Towards EC5 using Weibull’s Theory
No full textThe design practice has shifted from permissible stress design to limit state design using Eurocode 5 (EC5), which introduces design strength optimization. However, the adoption of EC5 in Malaysia cannot be done directly due to the absence of design strength data for Malaysian timber species. This paper presents a study that evaluates the bending strength properties, moisture content, and density of kekatong (Cynometra malaccensis) timber specimens using the Weibull theory to produce 1/k values for the local timber species. The depth impact adjustment factors for kekatong timber had a value of 0.23, which is not far from the well-established 1/k value of 0.2 for softwood and temperate hardwood with characteristic densities below 700 kg/m3 in EC5. The study shows that the bending strength of local timber is affected by its volume, and the variation of bending strength at several probabilities is in close agreement with theoretical predictions. Overall, the study provides important insights for the design of timber structures using Malaysian timber species, which can be used to improve the safety and sustainability of timber structures
Depth Effect of Tropical Heavy Hardwood of Kekatong Species Towards EC5 using Weibull’s Theory
No full textThe design practice has shifted from permissible stress design to limit state design using Eurocode 5 (EC5), which introduces design strength optimization. However, the adoption of EC5 in Malaysia cannot be done directly due to the absence of design strength data for Malaysian timber species. This paper presents a study that evaluates the bending strength properties, moisture content, and density of kekatong (Cynometra malaccensis) timber specimens using the Weibull theory to produce 1/k values for the local timber species. The depth impact adjustment factors for kekatong timber had a value of 0.23, which is not far from the well-established 1/k value of 0.2 for softwood and temperate hardwood with characteristic densities below 700 kg/m3 in EC5. The study shows that the bending strength of local timber is affected by its volume, and the variation of bending strength at several probabilities is in close agreement with theoretical predictions. Overall, the study provides important insights for the design of timber structures using Malaysian timber species, which can be used to improve the safety and sustainability of timber structures
Depth Effect of Tropical Heavy Hardwood of Kekatong Species Towards EC5 using Weibull’s Theory
No full textThe design practice has shifted from permissible stress design to limit state design using Eurocode 5 (EC5), which introduces design strength optimization. However, the adoption of EC5 in Malaysia cannot be done directly due to the absence of design strength data for Malaysian timber species. This paper presents a study that evaluates the bending strength properties, moisture content, and density of kekatong (Cynometra malaccensis) timber specimens using the Weibull theory to produce 1/k values for the local timber species. The depth impact adjustment factors for kekatong timber had a value of 0.23, which is not far from the well-established 1/k value of 0.2 for softwood and temperate hardwood with characteristic densities below 700 kg/m3 in EC5. The study shows that the bending strength of local timber is affected by its volume, and the variation of bending strength at several probabilities is in close agreement with theoretical predictions. Overall, the study provides important insights for the design of timber structures using Malaysian timber species, which can be used to improve the safety and sustainability of timber structures
Application of Weibull's Theory to Assess the Depth Effect of Malaysian Tropical Hardwoods According to Eurocode 5
No full textThe adoption of limit state design according to Eurocode 5 (EC5) has brought about design strength optimisation in design practices worldwide. However, the implementation of EC5 may not be suitable for Malaysian tropical timber species as the design strength data in European Standard (EN) 338:2016 is based on softwood and temperate hardwood species. EC5 has a well-established 1/k value of 0.2 for softwood and temperate hardwood with characteristic densities below 700 kg/m3. The value of 0.2 is still uncertain for tropical hardwood timber and it is predicted that the 1⁄k value for characteristic density above 700kg/m3 will be different. Therefore, in this study, the application of Weibull's theory is being used to determine the 1/k value for selected species namely, Balau (Shorea spp.), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.), Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), Geronggang (Cratoxylon arborescens), and Light Red Meranti (Shorea spp.) with density ranges from 300 kg/m3 to 1000 kg/m3. Experimental bending data from previous researchers were analysed and verified using this theory. From the theoretical prediction, the calculated 1/k value for the selected species ranges from 0.158 to 0.204 which is close to the established value of 0.2. This study provides the actual k value as well as the true depth modification factors for tropical hardwood which important for safe and economical structural timber design
