26 research outputs found
Emerging pharmacotherapy trends in preventing and managing oral mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy and targeted agents
No full textPublished online: 29 May 2024.Introduction: The introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has tremendously changed the clinical outcomes and prognosis of cancer patients. Despite innovative pharmacological therapies and improved radiotherapy (RT) techniques, patients continue to suffer from side effects, of which oral mucositis (OM) is still the most impactful, especially for quality of life. Areas Covered: We provide an overview of current advances in cancer pharmacotherapy and RT, in relation to their potential to cause OM, and of the less explored and more recent literature reports related to the best management of OM. We have analyzed natural/antioxidant agents, probiotics, mucosal protectants and healing coadjuvants, pharmacotherapies, immunomodulatory and anticancer agents, photobiomodulation and the impact of technology. Expert Opinion: The discovery of more precise pathophysiologic mechanisms of CT and RT-induced OM has outlined that OM has a multifactorial origin, including direct effects, oxidative damage, upregulation of immunologic factors, and effects on oral flora. A persistent upregulated immune response, associated with factors related to patients’ characteristics, may contribute to more severe and long-lasting OM. The goal is strategies to conjugate individual patient, disease, and therapy-related factors to guide OM prevention or treatment. Despite further high-quality research is warranted, the issue of prevention is paramount in future strategies.Margherita Gobbo, Jamie Joy, Helena Guedes, Muhammad Ali Shazib, Carryn Anderson, Ragda Abdalla-Aslan, Khunthong Peechatanan, Carlo Lajolo, Khawaja Shehryar Nasir, Luiz Alcino Gueiros, Nivethitha Nagarajan, Kimia Hafezi Motlagh, Abhishek Kandwal, Cosimo Rupe, Yuanming Xu, Eli D. Ehrenpreis, Arghavan Tonkaboni, Joel B. Epstein, Paolo Bossi, Hannah R. Wardill and Stephanie L. Graf
Paradox of Credibility
No full textIn an information transmission situation, a senders concern for its credibility could endow itself with an invisible power to control the detected. In this case, the sender can achieve its favored outcome without losing its credibility, which stays true even when the sender and the receiver have contradictory preferences. Therefore, the senders concern for its credibility could result in less truthful signals from the sender and worse payoffs to the receiver. This is the paradox of credibility. This paper models this paradoxical role of the senders credibility concern.Anti-Coordination Game, Credibility, Information Transmission, Hawk-Dove Game, Paradox
A hybrid approach for smart city air quality monitoring using q-rung orthopair fuzzy fairly aggregation with Z-numbers
No full textThis study presents a novel approach for enhancing air quality monitoring (AQM) in smart cities by employing q-rung orthopair fuzzy Z-numbers (q-ROFZNs) within a robust multi-criteria decision-making framework. The proposed methodology addresses the challenges of uncertainty and imprecision in environmental data through the integration of q-ROFFZN aggregation operators. In particular, we develop and apply the aggregated operation weighted averaging and ordered weighted averaging operators under the proposed set, enabling more flexible and accurate data fusion. By leveraging Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the model demonstrates superior assessment accuracy and resilience compared to existing techniques. The hybrid computational strategy effectively supports dynamic decision-making by incorporating real-time traffic and industrial data, leading to optimized environmental control and public health protection. The findings highlight the potential of advanced fuzzy set theories in developing sustainable and intelligent solutions for urban air pollution management
Primary CNS Lymphoma in an Immunocompetent Patient: An Unusual Case Illustrating the Usual Problems Facing Brain Tumour Management in a Lower-Middle-Income Country
No full textPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It primarily affects the immunocompromised but is rarely seen in immunocompetent individuals. The pitfalls in the healthcare system of lower-middle-income countries produce many obstacles, impeding timely diagnosis, timely treatment, and optimal quality of care. A 57-year-old immunocompetent, diabetic female presented with progressive generalised fatiguability, forgetfulness, and subtle behavioural changes for the last one and a half years. MRI revealed an area of gyri from dense post-contrast enhancement in the right posterior parietal region. Her symptoms kept aggravating with periods of partial remission as steroids were being administered. Reasons for delays in diagnosis and hence timely treatment include lack of primary care referral, conflicting neurosurgical opinion, and absence of multidisciplinary team management. A right posterior parietal parasagittal craniotomy was performed to excise the lesion. The patient was subsequently referred for adjuvant therapy. We use our patient's clinical journey to exemplify the structural barriers to providing optimal and timely care for brain tumour patients in a developing country. Primary CNS Lymphomas in immunocompetent patients are rare. Poor infrastructure and referral pathways contribute to delayed diagnosis. Lack of multi-disciplinary care owing to organisational issues is a major problem faced by brain tumour patients in a lower-middle-income country like ours. Brain tumour management requires a specialist multidisciplinary team approach to ensure timely diagnosis and optimal treatmen
Some Results on Submodules Using (μ,ν,ω)-Single-Valued Neutrosophic Environment
No full textThe use of a single-valued neutrosophic set (svns) makes it much easier to manage situations in which one must deal with incorrect, unexpected, susceptible, faulty, vulnerable, and complicated information. This is a result of the fact that the specific forms of material being discussed here are more likely to include errors. This new theory has directly contributed to the expansion of both the concept of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, both of which have experienced additional development as a direct consequence of the creation of this new theory. In svns, indeterminacy is correctly assessed in a way that is both subtle and unambiguous. Furthermore, membership in the truth, indeterminacy, and falsity are all completely independent of one another. In the context of algebraic analysis, certain binary operations may be regarded as interacting with algebraic modules. These modules have pervasive and complicated designs. Modules may be put to use in a wide variety of different applications. Modules have applications in a diverse range of industries and market subsets due to their adaptability and versatility. Under the umbrella of the triplet (μ,ν,ω) structure, we investigate the concept of svns and establish a relationship between it and the single-valued neutrosophic module and the single-valued neutrosophic submodule, respectively. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the algebraic structures of single-valued neutrosophic submodules under the triplet structure of a classical module and to improve the validity of this method by analyzing a variety of important facets. In this article, numerous symmetrical features of modules are also investigated, which demonstrates the usefulness and practicality of these qualities. The results of this research will allow for the successful completion of both of these objectives. The tactics that we have devised for use in this article are more applicable to a wide variety of situations than those that have been used in the past. Fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and neutrosophic sets are some of the tactics that fall under this category
Pythagorean fuzzy N-Soft groups
No full textWe elaborate in this paper a new structure pythagorean fuzzy -soft groups which is the generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy soft group initiated by Karaaslan in 2013. In Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets concepts of fuzzy sets, soft sets, N-soft sets, fuzzy soft sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets are generalized. We also talk about some elementary basic concepts and operations on Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets with the assistance of illusions. We additionally define three different sorts of complements for Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets and examined a few outcomes not hold in Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets complements as they hold in crisp set hypothesis with the assistance of counter examples. We further talked about {-cut of Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft set and their properties}. We likewise talk about some essential properties of Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft groups like groupoid, normal group, left and right cosets, -cut subgroups and some fundamental outcomes identified with these terms. Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets is increasingly efficient and adaptable model to manage uncertainties. The proposed models of Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft groups can defeat a few disadvantages of the existing statures
An approach to ( μ , ν , ω ) -single-valued neutrosophic submodules
No full textAbstract Dealing with erroneous, unexpected, susceptible, flawed, vulnerable, and intricate information is simplified with the use of a single-valued neutrosophic set (svns). This is because of the fact that these types of information are more sensitive to error. This is due to the fact that these particular kinds of information are more prone to error. The ideas of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets have both undergone further development as a direct result of the development of this new theory. In svns, indeterminacy is quantified in a way that is both obvious and unambiguous, and truth membership, indeterminacy membership, and falsity membership are all completely independent of one another. In algebraic analysis, certain binary operations can be thought of as interacting with algebraic modules. These modules are intricate and ubiquitous structures. There are many different applications for modules to be used in. Modules find use in an extremely wide variety of different kinds of businesses and market segments. We investigate the idea of ( μ , ν , ω ) -svns and relate it to ( μ , ν , ω ) -single-valued neutrosophic module and ( μ , ν , ω ) -single-valued neutrosophic submodule, respectively. The goals of this research are to comprehend the algebraic structures of a ( μ , ν , ω ) -single-valued neutrosophic submodule of a classical module and enhance the legitimacy of this technique by discussing numerous essential aspects. Both of these goals will be accomplished through the course of this study. The strategies that we have developed in this manuscript are more generalizable than those that have been utilized in the past. These strategies include fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and neutrosophic sets
