1,721,010 research outputs found
Time Value of Money on Discounting According to Muhammad Anas Zarqa and Muhammad Akram Khan (Comparative Study)
No full textDi era globalisasi, dimana perekonomian saat ini dikuasai oleh perekonomian konvesional, yang menjadi banyak rujukan ummat manusia. Akan tetapi, disamping itu juga ekonomi islam berkembang pesat seiring berjalannya waktu. Timbul pandangan bahwasanya uang bukan hanya sebagai alat tukar akan tetapi memiliki nilai waktu. Teori ini dikembangkan oleh Van Bhom-Bawerk Ekonom barat pada akhir abad ke-19 dalam bukunya yang berjudul "Positive Theory of Capital. Maka, timbullah respon tentang tawaran konsep ini dan menjadi perdebatan dikalangan ekonom Muslim terkemuka diantaranya Muhammad Anas Zarqa dan Muhammad Akram Khan. Berdasarkan pemikiran diatas, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari konsep nilai waktu uang yang digagas oleh Van Bhom-Bawerk yang mendapatkan kritik dari Muhammad Anas Zarqa dan Muhammad Akram Khan serta membandingkan konsep keduanya dengan melihat sisi persamaan dan perbedaan diantara pendapat keduanya. Kajian ini adalah Kajian literature dengan analisa perbandingan. Untuk mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Kemudian data-data tersebut dianalisa mengguhnakan metode deduktif untuk mendapatkan konsep umum dari nilai waktu uang dan induktif untuk mendapatkan dasar konsep yang digagas mereka. Kemudian metode deskriptif untuk menganalisa dan mendeskripsikan konsep nilai waktu uang dan metode komparasi untuk meneliti hubungan, perbedaan dan persamaan diantara keduanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Muhammad Anas Zarqa dan Muhammad Akram Khan sepakat dengan adanya teori preferensi waktu positif dalam investasi, yang merupakan bagian dari preferensi negatif dan nol. akan tetapi, hal ini bukan menjadikan keharusan untuk diterapkan, secara konsep ataupun secara praktek dalam analisa keuangan. Anggapan suatu investasi selalu mendatangkan nilai positif atau keuntungan tidak dibenarkan, dan merupakan sebuah kerancuan dalam berfikir. Seyogyanya, investasi tidak selalu akan mendapatkan keuntungan dalam pengembaliannya, terkadang rugi ataupun impas (contohnya, Break Even Point). Dalam hal diskonto, Akram khan tidak setuju dengan pendapat Anas Zarqa, bahwa dasar untuk mendiskonto adalah sumberdaya yang ada sekarang memiliki kesempatan yang lebih besar dari yang akan datang, sehingga hal ini terdapat indikasi adanya tingkat bunga yang harus dibayar, untuk mendapatkan dana investasi atau tingkat pengembalian yang diharapkan, berupa bunga dari investasi yang diterima. Dari hal ini peneliti menyimpulkan, bahwasanya time value of money boleh digunakan sebagai analisa investasi bukan sebagai tujuan utama untuk berinvestasi. Akhirnya, peneliti berharap skripsi ini akan bermanfaat bagi semuanya, Kemudian kehadiran tulisan ini, pembaca dapat memahami moral ekonomi Islam terutama dalam investasi, yang mengambil keputusan untuk berinvestasi tidak hanya untuk keuntungan tetapi juga lebih cenderung kepada kemaslahatan. diharapkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya, peneliti dapat memenuhi kekurangan yang ada pada skripsi ini, dengan melakukan penelitian empiris lain yang dapat memperkuat penelitian ini
Membangun Fondasi Keilmuan Ekonomi Islam: Telaah Metodologi Muhammad Akram Khan
No full textThroughout my experience in tracking down and reading books on faith-based economics, in this case Islam, there are no books that specifically list the title of "Islamic economics". If there is, it is only initiated or introduced. Most books coming down to us still use the titles starting with the word, for example, system, concept, principle, or the doctrine of Islamic economics. Why do the authors of the book Islamic economics seem not dared to give his book title with label "science"? I presume that Islamic economics has not been considered as a science. In building a science, methodology is required. Islamic Economics also requires a well-established methodology to build the foundation of science. The study answers questions; how is methodology which is offered by Muhammad Akram Khan to build Islamic economics. The method used in this research is the study of literature with qualitative approach.The result of study concludes that Khan offers methodology of Islamic economics, if summarized, written as follows: First, Islamic economics uses a framework derived from the texts of divinity (revelation). Second, Islamic economics uses the inductive method, which gives witness to the truth or falsity assumptions and predictions about the two criteria of rationality and empirical evidence. Third, Islamic economy is built on ethical values such as justice, virtue, moderation, sacrifice, caring for others, in the analysis, as behavioral parameters. Fourth, Islamic economics is a normative discipline. Islamic Economics investigates ways and means to change the existing economy with Islamic economy. Fifth, Islamic economics ask different questions with conventional economics. Its attention is on welfare (falah) human and creating social and institutional conditions that maximize falah in society. Clearly, Islamic economics strongly supports research programs that help maximize falah. Furthermore, Khan elaborates several issues related to the methodology that often appears in the forum of Islamic economists. There are some problems that Khan proposes, they are the interaction with modern economics, the role of revelation, assuming ideal Islamic society, and the general theory of Islamic economics.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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