10 research outputs found
Workplace Stress, Heavy workload and its impact on Employee’s Performance and Turnover Intentions in Pharmaceutical Companies of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
No full textToday is the era of condense competition among the industry globally. To achieve a strategic edge over their competitors, organizations move beyond the traditional boundaries of operations and demand for more and effective productive work from their employees. This results in increased workload and generates a demanding and stressful working environment. Moreover, the study aimed to investigate the effect of workplace stress and heavy workload on employee performance and their turnover intentions from the organization. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data from the employees of pharmaceutical companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Based on 292 participants’ responses from 570 employees. The study's findings revealed that there is a significant and negative relationship between workplace stress and heavy workload with employees ’ performance, and also a positive relationship between workplace stress and heavy workload with employee turnover intention, but Work Stress and Heavy Workload have really no effect on TI. Based on the current findings of the research, it has been concluded that the management of Pakistani pharmaceutical companies must introduce better tools to reduce workplace stress and workload. This will not only enhance organizational work performance but will minimize overall anxiety and stress, lowering the likelihood of employees leaving the company.
 
The British colonial politics and mahdism in Sudan (1881-1898)
No full textDiplomová práce pojednává o klíčových událostech v britské zahraniční politice v Súdánu v letech 1881-1898. Soustřeďuje se na mahdistické hnutí, islámskou společnost a jejich hodnoty a na konflikt Británií a Egypta s mahdisty. Zkoumává důvody vzniku mahdistického hnutí a jeho vliv na súdánský stát. Analyzuje historické události v chronologickém pořadí, včetně klíčových expedicí a bitev a popisuje akce a osudy několika hlavních vojensko-politických vůdců konfliktu, například mahdistických lídrů Muhammada Ahmada Mahdího a chalífu Abdullaha a britských politiků a generálů: Charlese Gordona pašu a jeho hrdinskou obranu Chartúmu, sidara Kitchenera velitele bitvy u Omdurmanu a také sira Evelyna Baringa lorda Cromer, hlavního představitele britské administrativy v Káhiře. Části práce zkoumávají vliv britsko-súdánských válek na britskou politiku a postavení Británie mezi ostatními koloniálními velmocemi ve východní Africe.ObhájenoThe master thesis describes the key moments of British Foreign Policy in Sudan in years 1881-1898. It focuses on Mahdist movement, it´s Islamic society and values and on the conflict Britain and Egypt with Mahdists. It tackles the reasons for foundation of Mahdist movement and it is influence on Sudan state. It analyses historical events in chronological order, including the key expeditions and battles and it explores actions and fates of several key military-political leaders of the conflict, such as Mahdist leaders Muhammad Ahmad Mahdi and Khalifa Abdullah and British leaders General Charles Gordon and his heroic defence of Khartoum, Sidar Kitchener as the military leader of battle of Omdurman and also Sir Evelyn Baring Lord Cromer as the head of British administration in Cairo. Parts explore influence of British-Sudan wars on British politics and status of Britain among other colonial Powers in the East Africa
Problem przywództwa politycznego na przykładzie Jemenu
No full textThe article analyses the problem of political leadership in developing countries on the example of Yemen. The main source of data for the analysis is the personal experience of one of the authors, who worked for two years in the local higher education system. The activity of Yemen’s national leaders, who headed the authoritarian regime in both parts of the country and who coordinated the political, economic and ideological efforts of the authorities, aimed at modernization of the Arab society, has been chosen as the object of the study. The research focuses on the practice of public administration and social transformations, which was implemented in the Yemen Arab Republic and the National Democratic Republic of Yemen, when Ali Abdullah Saleh (1978-2011) and Ali Nasser Muhammad (1972-1986) - prominent representatives of the modernist authoritarianism, headed these countries. First one was an Arab Marxist, the other a moderate Islamic nationalist. The article uses the method of comparative analysis to show the role and importance of political leadership in Yemen under the conditions of the authoritarian regime. The analysis of relevant leaders’ activities provides serious basis for reflection to managers, political scientists and economists.W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie problem przywództwa politycznego w krajach rozwijających się na przykładzie Jemenu. Wybór tematyki podyktowany jest tym, że w 2020 upłynęło trzydzieści lat od zjednoczenia tego państwa oraz doświadczeniami osobistymi jednego z autorów, który przez dwa lata pracował w tamtejszym systemie szkolnictwa wyższego. Przedmiotem badań jest działalność autorytarnych prezydentów Jemenu i Narodowo-Demokratycznej Republiki Jemenu: Alego Abdullaha Saleha (1978- 2011) i Alego Nassera Muhammada (1972-1986). Pierwszy z nich był arabskim marksistą, drugi – umiarkowanym islamskim nacjonalistą. W artykule zastosowano metodę analizy porównawczej, za pomocą której ukazano rolę i znaczenie przywództwa politycznego w Jemenie w warunkach reżimu autorytarnego
Development of Integrated GreenVec Biofeedback Game with Galvanic Skin Response Sensor
No full textGreenVec Biofeedback Game (GVBG) is a biofeedback game-based application that able to measure the skin conductivity of the player with the integration of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor. The measurement of the skin conductivity is crucial as an indicator for human meditation improvement in terms of stress control. In addition, GVBG spread awareness on global green technology issues specifically about the Electric Vehicles (EV) issue to all users throughout the game process. The measured Skin Conductivity Level (SCL) corresponds to the player’s awareness level about the green EV. During the development, Spiral Methodology is applied for a smoother and clearer development processes. GVBG is mainly developed by using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 with XNA Framework 3.1 and Adobe Photoshop CS6. By playing GVBG, the user will be able to learn more about the proper way to reduce stress while gain awareness on the green technology issues related with Electric Vehicles
Traces of legal naturalism in the language method of interpreting sharīʿa law by Zaynuddīn bin Ibrāhīm ibn Nujaym
No full textZaynuddīn bin Ibrāhīm, poznat kao Ibn Nuğaym (1520–1563), jedan je od najplodonosnijih autora hanefijskog mezheba iz perioda rane osmanlijske vladavine. U svoje vrijeme bio je jedan od predavača na glasovitom Al-Azharu. Pročuo se po svom djelu Al-Ašbāh wa an-Naẓāir iz područja pravnih (fikhskih) pravila, u kojem je, na teoretskoj ravni, pokazao značaj i ulogu pravnih pravila u razumijevanju i tumačenju prava, prema hanefijskoj pravnoj doktrini. Autor je velikog komentara pod naslovom Al-Baḥr ar-Rāiq o djelu Kanz ad-Daqāiq ̔Abdullaha Ḥāfiẓuddīna an-Nasafīja (1240–1310), u kome je izložio svoje razumijevanje klasične hanefijske doktrine šerijatskog prava. Nažalost, djelo nije uspio završiti, jer ga je u tome pretekla rana smrt. Značajan dio njegovog opusa predstavlja izučavanje metodologije šerijatskog prava. Svoja stajališta iz ove oblasti iznio je u djelu Miškāt al-Anwār fī Uṣūli al-Manār, poznatom kao Fatḥ al-Ġaffār bi Šarḥ al-Manār. Nastalo je kao komentar djela ̔Abdullaha Ḥāfiẓuddina an-Nasafīja Al-Manār. Glavne postavke na kojima počiva teorija tumačenja prava kod Ibn Nuğayma jesu njegova stajališta da tumačenje prava predstavlja način utvrđivanja značenja pravne norme. Pravna norma može biti tumačena na više načina istovremeno. Takav pristup daje mogućnost pravniku da se opredijeli za jedno od mogućih tumačenja za koje smatra da je najsvrsishodnije u tom trenutku. Ibn Nuğaym smatra da se pravna norma, koja se odnosi na neki pravni posao, može tumačiti pomoću nekoliko pravnih metoda koje pravniku stoje na raspolaganju. Najčešće metode koje su pravnici koristili su: jezička, logička, prirodnopravna ili vrijednosna i teleološka ili ciljna metoda. U ovom radu osvrnut ćemo se na Ibn Nuğaymovo razumijevanje prirodnopravne ili vrijednosne metode tumačenja prava.Zaynuddīn bin Ibrāhīm, known as Ibn Nujaym (1520-1563) is one of the most prolific authors of the Hanafi Madhhab from the period of the early Ottoman rule. In his time, he was one of the lecturers at the famous Al-Azhar. He became famous for his work Al-Ashbāh wa an-Nẓāir in the area of legal (fiqh) rules, in which, on a theoretical level, he demonstrated the importance and role of legal rules in the understanding and interpretation of law, according to the Hanafi legal doctrine. He is the author of a large commentary entitled Al-Baḥr ar-Rāiq on the work Kanz ad-Daqāiq by ̔Abdullah Ḥāfiẓuddīn an-Nasafī (1240-1310), in which he expounded his understanding of the classical Hanafi doctrine of Sharia law. Unfortunately, he did not manage to finish the work, because he was overtaken by an early death. A significant part of his opus is the study of Sharia law methodology. He presented his views in this area in the work Mishkāt al-Anwār fī Uṣūl al-Manār, known as Fatḥ al-Ghaffār bi Sharḥ al-Manār. It was created as a commentary on the work of ̔Abdullah Ḥāfiẓuddin an-Nasafī Al-Manār. The main assumptions on which the theory of legal interpretation in Ibn Nujaym rests are his views that the interpretation of law is a way of determining the meaning of a legal norm. A legal norm can be interpreted in several ways at the same time. Such an approach gives the lawyer the opportunity to opt for one of the possible interpretations that he considers to be the most expedient at that moment. Ibn Nujaym believes that a legal norm, which refers to some legal work, can be interpreted using several legal methods available to the lawyer. The most common methods used by lawyers are: linguistic, logical, natural-legal or value-based and teleological or objective method. In this paper, we will look at Ibn Nujaym's understanding of the natural-law or value-based method of interpreting law
Greenvec Game for Skin Conductivity Level (SCL) Biofeedback Performance Simulator Using Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Sensor
No full textThe increasing fame of biofeedback game has brought convenience to human life. More and more people rely on biofeedback game as an alternative medical treatment to
overcome their stress problems. GreenVec Biofeedback Game (GVBG) is a biofeedback game-based application that able to measure the skin conductivity of the player with an integration of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor. The measurement of the skin conductivity is crucial as an indicator for human meditation improvement in terms of stress control. In addition, GVBG spread awareness on global green technology issues, specifically about the Electric Vehicles (EV) topics to all users throughout the game process. The measured Skin Conductivity Level (SCL) corresponds to the player’s awareness of the green EV through the GVBG Simulator. Furthermore, GVBGsimulates the biofeedback performance through the measured SCL. It creates a short report on the player’s SCL based on the GSR sensor data and the game results at the end of the game session. From the results, the awareness on the EV is high
when the SCL is high, whereas the awareness on the EV is low when the SCL is low. Therefore, GVBG Simulator helps users to train accordingly in order to reduce stress
while at the same time gain awareness on the green technology issues with EV
Harmonization of the Human Heart, Mind and Hand
No full textFokus ovog članka je razmišljanje o prirodi ljudskog srca (al-qalb), ljudskog uma (al-‘aql) i ljudske ruke (al-yad). Srce je mjesto osjećaja – ljubavi ili mržnje; um je mjesto misli - ispravne ili neispravne; ruka je oruđe moći – pravde ili nepravde. A pitanje je: koja je to skala koja čini da srce prevagne tako da voli ili mrzi; šta utječe na um da misli dobro ili zlo; šta uzrokuje da ruka čini pravdno ili nepravdno?
A pitanje je: koja je to skala koja čini da srce prevagne tako da voli ili mrzi; šta utječe na um da misli dobro ili zlo; šta uzrokuje da ruka čini pravdno ili nepravdno? Kakva je uloga vjere / religije u harmonizaciji ljudskog srca, uma i ruke? Kako Sīrah, način života Božijeg poslanika, može naučiti ljudsko srce da voli, ljudski um da ispravno misli i ljudsku ruku da radi prav- edno? Šta čovjek može naučiti iz paralelnih života i iskušenja prvih aṣḥāba, Poslanikovih suradnika i njihovih neposrednih tābi’ūna, sljedbenika? Autor predstavlja način života dvojice aṣḥāba: ‘Abdullaha ibn ‘Abbasa i Mu‘ādha ibn Džabala i jednog tābiʿūna: Al-Qāḍī Šuraikh ibn Al-Ḥārith Al-Kindīja, kako bi pokazao da srce nije pumpa koja pokreće krv, već je krv ljubav koja potiče srce da voli; da um nije posuda koju treba puniti svim i svačim, već svjetlo koje treba upaliti; te da ruka nije alat kojeg treba zloupotrijebiti, već sredstvo s kojim treba služiti pravdi. Cilj autora je otvoriti put za kritiku čiste vjere kod muslimana. Zapravo, muslimani moraju ozbiljno ispitati svoju vjeru kako bi pronašli pravi izlaz iz trenutne krize odnosa između svog srca, uma i ruke. Gdje je muslimanska čista vjera: samo u srcu? samo na umu? ili samo u ruci? Kako muslimani mogu povezati ovo troje u koherentnu cjelinu za dobro čovječanstva? Lijepi primjeri iz Sīre, načina Poslanikovog i života njegovih aṣḥāba mogli bi nam pružiti prave odgovore na ova pitanja pod uvjetom da muslimani otvore svoja srca, da koriste svoj um i da odgoje svoju ruku. Ovaj članak pokušava da ih usmjeri u tom pravcu.The focus of this article is a reflection on the nature of the human heart (al-qalb), human mind (al-‘aql) and human hand (al-yad). The heart is the place of emotion - love or hate; the mind is the place of thought - right or wrong; the hand is the tool of power – justice or injustice. So, the question may be asked, what is the tipping scale for the heart from love to hate; what makes the mind to think right or wrong; and what causes the hand to do justice or injustice?
Then, what is the role of faith/religion in harmonizing the human heart, mind and hand? How can the Sīrah, the way of the life of the messenger of God, teach the human heart to love, the human mind to thing right and the human hand to act justly? What can man learn from the parallel lives and trials of the early aṣḥāb, the Prophet’s companions, and their immediate tābi’ūn, the followers? Here, the article introduces the way of life of two aṣḥāb: ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbās and Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal and one tābi‘un: Al-Qāḍī Shuraikh ibn Al-Ḥārith Al-Kindī, to show that the heart is not a pump that drives the blood, but it is the blood of love that drives the heart to love; that the mind is not a vessel to be filled, but the light to be kindled; and that the hand is not a tool to be abused, but a means to be used for justice. The author aims to open the way for a critique of the pure faith of Muslims. Indeed, the Muslims need to examine their faith in a serious way to find out the right exit from the current crisis of the relationship between their heart, mind and hand. Where is the pure faith of Muslims? Is it in their heart only? Is it in their mind only? Is it in their hand only? How can the Muslims connect these three into a coherent whole for the good of humanity? The good examples from the Sīrah might provide us with the right answer to these questions provided that the Muslims open their hearts, employ their minds and educate their hands. This article is trying to guide them to that direction
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study
No full textBackground: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling.
Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty.
Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year.
Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population
30-day postoperative mortality and the effects of hospital preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pooled analysis of prospective international cohort studiesResearch in context
No full textSummary: Background: Surgical services were poorly prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to widescale disruption to elective activity. This study aimed to identify actionable priorities to strengthen pandemic preparedness of surgical and hospital systems. Methods: This study pooled data from three international, prospective cohort studies including patients who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in the seven days before or within 30 days after surgery. Patients were included across four pandemic time periods: Period 1 (January–May 2020), Period 2 (June–July 2020), Period 3 (October 2020), and Period 4 (December–March 2022). The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Hierarchical logistic regression models were developed to explore association between pandemic periods (primary analysis) and hospital-level preparedness (secondary analysis) on 30-day postoperative mortality. Hospital preparedness was classified in to poorly-, moderately-, and highly-prepared tertiles based on Surgical Preparedness Index (SPI) score. Findings: A total of 31,751 patients were included from 1589 hospitals and 102 countries. From Period 1 through to Period 4 there was a decrease in the proportion of patients aged ≥70 years and with ASA grades 3–5.30-day postoperative mortality fell from Period 1 (18.4% [1378/7502]), Period 2 (9.9% [219/2234], adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.78), Period 3 (10.5% [246/2427], aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.50–0.71), through to Period 4 (5.8% [1132/19,588], aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.30–0.37). During Period 4, SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated patients had lower mortality compared to unvaccinated patients (4.9% [603/12,361] versus 7.4% [529/7178], aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.42–0.57). Compared to poorly-prepared hospitals (11.2% [1019/9071]), moderately-prepared (9.4% [857/9071], aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75–0.94) and highly-prepared hospitals (5.8% [530/9071], aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.80) had lower mortality. Interpretation: Postoperative mortality decreased over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and was lower in better prepared hospitals. Hospitals are critical national infrastructure and strengthening their preparedness by developing formal pandemic plans, establishing patient and procedure prioritisation protocols, and ring-fencing surgical beds would ensure safer surgical care during future pandemics. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research, United Kingdom
