27 research outputs found
Antibacterial Activity of the Root Extracts of Garcinia Kola Against MDR Staphylococcus Aureus : Invitro and Insilico Studies
No full textAntibacterial Activity of the Root Extracts of Garcinia Kola Against MDR Staphylococcus Aureus : Invitro and Insilico Studies
No full textMulti-Drug Resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacteria with clinical and economic implications. Plants including Garcinia kola provides bioactive principles with diverse structural and biological features. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) is targeted in antibacterial drug discovery as its implicated in bacterial protein synthesis. The n-Butanol fraction of Garcinia kola root extract recorded the highest activity against MDR staph aureus (18.50±0.41) compared to the chloroform (10.00±2.12) and methanol (8.16±0.62) extract, with no activity recorded with the n-Hexane extract. Analysis of the n-Butanol fraction on GC-MS recorded 14 phytoconstituents with varying structural composition; containing important scaffolds & motifs of benzoquinone, imidazole[1,2-a]pyridine, chlorocarbazole and azetidine that present key pharmaceuticals as antibiotic and for drug development. Further insilico molecular docking studies of these compounds on antibacterial drug target; Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (PDB 1JIJ) from MDR staph aureus were documented. Nine (9) compounds had good binding scores ranging from -4.63 to -7.08 kcal/mol; with CID_590350 having the highest score. The compounds formed various bonding with the 1JIJ amino acid residues including H-bond, van der waal and π interactions. Five (5) compounds; CID_619583 (9,9-Dichloro-9-silafluorene), CID_5732 (Zolpidem), CID_616643 (Pyridazine-3,5-dicarbonitrile, 1,6-dihydro-4-amino-6-imino-1-(2-nitrophenyl)), CID_16486 ((S)-(-)-2-Azetidinecarboxlic acid) and CID_66747 (2-Hydroxyethyl benzoate) showed favorable ADME properties, while their MD stimulation analysis revealed stable binding capabilities with the drug target. CID_16486 and CID_66747 bind to the most active binding pocket (Drug score: 0.82 and 0.72) while CID_619583 tends to bind outside the active binding pocket. Therefore, these compounds from the root of Garcinia kola are considered as suitable prospective bioactive compounds against MDR Staphylococcus aureus after successful in vitro and in silico experimental validation
Clostridium difficile Infection of a Total Hip Arthroplasty: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
No full textCASE: We describe the case of an 85-year-old woman who presented with worsening right hip pain after a conversion hip replacement. Subsequent imaging demonstrated a gas-containing collection in the lateral thigh. She was taken to the operating room for irrigation and debridement, where intraoperative cultures returned positive for Clostridium difficile. Surgical management was followed by a prolonged course of antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS: Clostridium difficile as the etiology of infection in a conversion arthroplasty is exceedingly rare. Orthopaedic surgeons and infectious disease specialists should consider C. diff as a potential cause of infection in conversion hip arthroplasty because management options will need to be tailored
STEMI: rare initial presentation of a mediastinal mass supplied by the RCA.
No full textIn the setting of severe septic shock, a 70-year-old woman had an ST segment myocardial infarction with ST elevations in the inferolateral leads. On cardiac catheterisation, no obstructive pathology was noted. Chest imaging revealed a large mediastinal mass measuring 8.5×6.5×7.5 cm in the visceral compartment of the mediastinum, with contrast enhancement from the right coronary artery (RCA). A biopsy was preformed and cytology was consistent with a well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm. On review of the cardiac catherisation, it was noted that the mass was deriving blood supply from the RCA. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a rare but well-documented phenomenon. In this case, MINOCA was caused by coronary steal syndrome in the setting of profound hypotension. Immediate management is with haemodynamic support; there is no role for coronary intervention
Communicator for Hearing-Impaired Persons using Pakistan Sign Language (PSL)
No full textCommunication with a hearing-impaired individual is a big challenge for a normal person. Hearing-impaired people uses hand gesture language (sign language) to communicate with each other, which is not easy to understand by a normal person because he/she is not trained to understand sign language. This communication gap between a hearing-impaired and a normal person created big problem for hearing-impaired individuals during their shopping, hospitalization, at their schools and homes. Especially in case of emergency, it is very difficult to understand the statement of a hearing-impaired one\u27s who uses sign language. In the last few years researchers and developers from all over the world presented different ideas and works to solve this problem but no such solution is available to resolve this issue and can create two-way communication between hearing-impaired and normal persons. This paper presented a detail description about a two-way communication system based on Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). This duplex system is developed through conversion from the text in simple English into hand gestures and vice versa. However, conversion from hand gestures is available not only in text but also with voice providing more convenience to normal person. Main objective is to facilitate a large population and making hearing-impaired persons, the vital part of our civilization. A normal person can enter the text (sentence) in application, after the checking of spelling and grammar, the text is divided into tokens and sub-tokens. A token is a gesture against each word of the text while sub-tokens are the gestures of each character of the words. The combination of tokens created the gestures of text. On the other hand when gestures were input in to the application, using image processing technique, the nature of hand gesture were recognized and converted into corresponding text or voice
Outcomes of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: factors associated with dialysis dependence and progression to end-stage renal disease – a MarketScan database analysis
No full textObjectives Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is vital for managing acute kidney injury (AKI), with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) as primary modalities. CRRT is preferred for critically ill patients due to gradual fluid and solute removal, whereas iHD is used for stable patients. Outcomes among AKI patients requiring RRT vary widely, with some recovering kidney function while others progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study evaluates the risk of dialysis dependence and ESRD within 90 days among AKI patients receiving RRT.Methods Retrospective cohort study analyzed inpatient admissions from the MarketScan database (2005–2021) with an AKI diagnosis requiring RRT, identified using ICD-10 codes. Logistic regression compared CRRT and iHD groups, adjusting for age, sex, length of stay, and calendar year.Results Compared to iHD, CRRT was associated with 67% lower odds of dialysis dependence at discharge (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.28–0.39) and 80% lower odds at 90 days (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.16–0.27). Patients receiving both iHD and CRRT had higher odds of dialysis dependence at discharge (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.27–1.57) but 46% lower odds at 90 days (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.45–0.64). CRRT also reduced the risk of ESRD within 90 days by 88% (OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.10–0.14).Conclusion Our study demonstrates that compared to iHD, CRRT is associated with a significantly lower risk of dialysis dependence and progression to ESRD in patients with AKI. CRRT may prevent further kidney injury and promote improved renal recovery
A case report: rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis in a patient taking Targretin (Bexarotene).
No full textAnti-neoplastic drugs have made major advancements in oncology, however they are not without cardiovascular consequences. We present a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma receiving Targretin therapy who presented with accelerated atherosclerosis. His triglyceride level (TG) was greater than 1000 mg/dL, which rapidly improved with discontinuation of Targretin
“Water running in my chest”: Delayed spontaneous rupture of an aortocoronary saphenous vein graft aneurysm
No full textAn explainable hybrid deep learning framework for precise skin lesion segmentation and multi-class classification
No full textIntroduction: Skin diseases, ranging from benign conditions to malignant tumors such as melanoma, present substantial diagnostic challenges due to their visual complexity and the inherent subjectivity in manual examination. Methods: This paper introduces a hybrid deep learning framework specifically designed for skin lesion segmentation and multi-class classification using dermoscopic images. The proposed model integrates a dual-task architecture, which combines a U-Net-based segmentation network with a classification module based on the EfficientNet-B0 backbone. To improve model interpretability and foster clinical trust, Grad-CAM is incorporated, allowing clinicians to visualize heatmaps that highlight the regions influencing the model’s decisions. Results: The model was trained and evaluated on the HAM10000 dataset, demonstrating robust performance, with a Dice coefficient surpassing 0.85 for segmentation and classification accuracy nearing 85%. Despite challenges such as class imbalance and the variety of lesion types, the model provides reliable results across different skin conditions. Discussion: The use of explainable AI (XAI) enhances transparency, a crucial factor in the clinical acceptance of AI-based diagnostic tools. This approach shows promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and supporting dermatologists, especially in resource-constrained settings, by providing both accurate lesion delineation and reliable class predictions. Future research will focus on improving the model’s generalizability, addressing underrepresented classes, and validating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios
