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81 research outputs found

Anti-collison system for vehicles / Ahmad Izzat Hassan, Muhammad Diniy Mustapha and Abdul Quddus Aziz

Author: Mustapha Muhammad Diniy
Aziz Abdul Quddus
Hassan Ahmad Izzat
Publication venue
Publication date: 2013
Field of study

Additional visual and audio assistance to drivers could help to avoid accidents. Thus this device is created to help drivers to estimate safe distance between vehicles and provide alert signal once the speed limit is exceeded. Hence, this electronic device used to provide the driver the measurement of the distance between the car and the car in front and monitor the car speed limit without distracting the attention of the driver. The circuit was equipped with two ultrasonic sensors, LCD display, red LED, two buzzers and the pushbutton and its operation based on the distance measurement reading and the relationship between engine’s RPM and speed. Ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance between the vehicle that we drive and the vehicle in front of by putting the sensor at both sides in front of our vehicle. The LCD display provides the reading measured by both of the sensors. The buzzer will be activated when the distance measured between two car captured by the either two sensors is less than one metre. For the speed limit device, the LED will blink once per second and the buzzer will starting to beep when the speed limit is reached. Through the combination of these two features, it can help to reduce accidents and may saving more lives as well as improves safet

UiTM Institutional Repository (Univ. Teknologi MARA)

The Livestock Economy of Pakistan: An Agricultural Sector Model Approach

Author: Muhammad A. Quddus
Stephen P. Davies
Donald W. Lybecker
Publication venue
Publication date
Field of study

The Pakistan Agricultural Sector Model (PASM) developed by Davies et al. (1991) was modified to enhance the livestock sub-sector. Nutrient-based rations replaced feedstuff-based rations and dry matter minimum and maximum constraints (stomach capacity) were added. Several initial simulations were undertaken to examine the structure of the modified model and its impact across the crop and livestock sub-sectors. These simulations included relaxing exogenous livestock numbers and selected crop hectarage constraints, and requiring that green forage be fed in the season grown. Most importantly, the results demonstrated that fodder hectarage will grow with livestock numbers to insure that sufficient green forage is available seasonally. Two other analyses were performed to demonstrate the need to specify linkages between the crop and livestock sub-sectors. An analysis of transforming the livestock sub-sector from traditional to feedlot-based technology demonstrated that the reduced numbers of non-milking cattle needed for a given output of meat would provide the potential for increased production of various crops and other livestock products. Also, expanded cotton and Irri rice exports, hypothesised to occur through trade liberalisation from the Uruguay Round of the GATT, highlighted other inter-relationships between the crop and livestock sub-sectors. Greater production of both livestock and other crops might accompany the expansion of cotton production but less livestock feed would be available with expanded exports of Irri rice.

Research Papers in Economics