37 research outputs found
Capital Inflows, Inflation and Exchange Rate Volatility: An Investigation for Linear and Nonlinear Causal Linkages
No full textSince the early 1990s, there is an upsurge in foreign capital flows to developing economies, particularly into emerging markets. One view argues that capital inflows do help to increase efficiency, a better allocation of capital and to fill up the investment-saving gap. Adherents to that view advise countries to launch capital account liberalisation. In this study, we investigate the effects of capital inflows on domestic price level, monetary expansion and exchange rate volatility. To proceed with this, linear and nonlinear cointegration and Granger causality tests are applied in a bi-variate as well as in multivariate framework. The key message of the analysis is that there is a significant inflationary impact of capital inflows, in particular during the last 7 years. The finding suggest that there is a need to manage the capital inflows in such a way that they should neither create an inflationary pressure in the economy nor fuel the exchange rate volatility.Capital Inflows, Inflationary Pressures, Exchange Rate Volatility, Monetary Expansion, Nonlinear Dynamics
Capital Inflows, Inflation and Exchange Rate Volatility : An Investigation for Linear and Nonlinear Causal Linkages
No full textSince the early 1990s, there is an upsurge in foreign capital flows to developing economies, particularly into emerging markets. One view argues that capital inflows do help to increase efficiency, a better allocation of capital and to fill up the investment-saving gap. Adherents to that view advise countries to launch capital account liberalisation. In this study, we investigate the effects of capital inflows on domestic price level, monetary expansion and exchange rate volatility. To proceed with this, linear and nonlinear cointegration and Granger causality tests are applied in a bi-variate as well as in multivariate framework. The key message of the analysis is that there is a significant inflationary impact of capital inflows, in particular during the last 7 years. The finding suggest that there is a need to manage the capital inflows in such a way that they should neither create an inflationary pressure in the economy nor fuel the exchange rate volatility.Capital Inflows, Inflationary Pressures, exchange rate volatility, Monetary Expansion, Nonlinear Dynamics
Remittances and Poverty Linkages in Pakistan: Evidence and Some Suggestions for Further Analysis
No full textGlobal remittances experienced a dramatic increase over the years, particularly since 1990 wherein the developing world emerged to be the major beneficiary accounting for 60 percent of the total amount. Because of the sheer volume, and magnitude of the remittances, and pre-eminence of these flows compared to the FDIs, development assistance and in some cases the trade related transactions, the development practitioners tended to focus and investigate the importance of remittances which are generally regarded as a dependable source for growth, improved welfare and poverty alleviation in the developing world. Given the fact that remittances flows entail wide ranging ramifications both for sending as well as receiving countries, difficult to be generalised, hence empirical evidence has been mounted though lack of consensus is visible.
Contribution of Services Sector in the Economy of Pakistan
No full textThe services sector has provided steady support to Pakistan’s economic growth. It share in GDP now stands a more than 50 percent. The paper analyses its continuation in the growth of the economy in general and the development of trade and genera tion of employment in particular. The study identifies the bottlenecks in its growth and suggest measures to remove them. A set of policy reforms has been suggested to make the sector more effective in the growth of the national economy.Services Sector, Industry, Employment, Financial Institutions and Pakistan’s Economy
مولانا ظفرعلی خاں کے نعتیہ اسلوب کی بنیادی جہات
No full textNa’at has a long and rich tradition in poetry of almost all languages spoken by the Muslims. Praise and love for our beloved Holy Prophet (PBUH) is a part of our faith. Being a Muslim poet, Na’at is the best way to express inner emotions for the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Na’at poetry is sparking in Urdu language from its beginning. Maulana Zafar Ali Khan was one of the prominent poets of Urdu Na’at. He was a wonderful speaker, energetic political worker of the independence movement, fearless journalist. His style of Na’at writing is unique. This article highlights the basic dimensions of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan’s Na’at writing
Poverty Dynamics of Female-headed Households in Pakistan: Evidence from PIHS 2000-01 and PSLM 2004-05
No full textThe paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as “feminisation of poverty”, using the sub-sample of female -headed households (FHHs) from two household surveys in Pakistan. Although, the database is constrained by quality factors and small sample size, the following findings add to the richness of current research in this area: (a) The numerical incidence of poverty among households headed by females is less than that for all households in the country, at the national, urban and rural level for both the years. This can be traced to the finding that more than 70 percent of households headed by females receive remittances, (b) The incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 did not decline as fast as it did for mixed households, nationwide. In urban areas, it did not decline at all, (c) Among the determinants of poverty of FHHs, illiteracy, dependency and rural residence exacerbate poverty, while remittances domestic and/ or foreign reduce poverty, (d) The dynamics of incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period indicated that Illiteracy as the factor exacerbating poverty became less important in 2004-05. Moreover, residence in rural areas was also a weaker factor in determining the incidence of poverty. By far the most notable contribution in reducing the incidence of poverty was self-employment in agriculture in 2004-05.
Determinants of Urban Poverty : The Case of Medium Sized City in Pakistan
No full textUrban poverty, which is distinct from rural poverty due to demographic, economic and political aspects remain hitherto unexplored, at the city level in Pakistan. We have examined the determinants of urban poverty in Sargodha, a medium-size city of Pakistan. The analysis is based on the survey of 330 households. Results suggest that employment in public sector, investment in human capital and access to public amenities reduce poverty while employment in informal sector, greater household size and female dominated households increase poverty. We recommend greater investment in human capital and public amenities as a strategy for poverty alleviation.Urban Poverty, Pakistan
Determinants of Urban Poverty: The Case of Medium Sized City in Pakistan
No full textUrban poverty, which is distinct from rural poverty due to demographic, economic and political aspects remain hitherto unexplored, at the city level in Pakistan. We have examined the determinants of urban poverty in Sargodha, a medium-size city of Pakistan. The analysis is based on the survey of 330 households. Results suggest that employment in public sector, investment in human capital and access to public amenities reduce poverty while employment in informal sector, greater household size and female dominated households increase poverty. We recommend greater investment in human capital and public amenities as a strategy for poverty alleviation.Urban Poverty, Pakistan
The Sultanate of Jaunpur.
No full textCHAPTER I. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHABQI SULTANATE. In this chapter the factors which contributed to the disintegration of the Sultanate of Dehli, dislocated the provinces and finally helped the provincial governors to establish their independence have been surveyed. CHAPTER II. THE RISE OF THE SULTANATE. Section (A) deals with the career of Sultan ush-Sharq Malik Sarwar, who founded the Sultanate of Jaunpur. After the death of Firuz, he became wazir of the Sultanate successively under Sikandar, Nusrat, Muhammad and Mahmud, He was appointed governor of Zafarabad and Jaunpur in 1394, where he declared his independence and ruled up to 1399. Section (B) deals with the short reign of Sultan Mubarak Shah Sharql, the adopted son of Sultan ush-Sharq. CHAPTER III. THE SULTANATE IN ITS GLORY. It covers the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Shah Sharqi Who gloriously ruled for forty years, i.e. 1401-40. CHAPTER IV. THE SULTANATE IN ITS GLORY. (Concluded). Bection (A) deals with the reign of Sultan Mahmud Shah Sharqi (1440-57). Section (B) deals with the short tyrannical reign of Sultan Muhammad Shah Sharqi (1457-58). CHAPTER V. THE DECLINE OF THE SULTANATE. It covers the reign of Sultan Husain Shah Sharq who ruled in Jaunpur from 1458 to 1483 and in Bihar from 1483 to 1495 and died in 1505 at Colgong where he had taken refuge with Husain Shah Bengali. CHAPTER VI. SHARQI ARCHITECTURE. It consists of six sections. There are: (1) The Origin of Zafarabad and Jaunpur; (2) The Masjids; (3) the Forts; (4) The Palaces of Sharqi Kings and Queens; (5) The Tombs and Shrines; (6) Irrigation and Public Works
Estimating the Middle Class in Pakistan
No full textThe concept ‘middle class’ is one of the most commonly used terms in the social sciences, including economics, sociology and political science. Despite its frequent use there is, however, no consensus on what the term exactly implies and its meaning remains ambiguous depending primarily on the context in which it is used. It is viewed as the class that is between, and separates, the lower and the upper classes, that is the rich and the poor, but there is no agreement on the exact boundaries that separates them. Most of the definitions and measurements of the middle class continue to be somewhat arbitrary and vague.
