513 research outputs found
Introducing Iqbal the Economist
No full textThe Iqbal Memorial Lecture was instituted in 1994 when the Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) celebrated the completion of a decade of steady progress. A brief announcement stated: “The Iqbal Memorial Lecture attributed to the national poet [Emphasis added], Allama Muhammad Iqbal has been included in the programme for the first time. Professor Ian M. D. Little is delivering that lecture” [Secretary’s Report (1994), p. 1472]. Iqbal, the poet and philosopher par excellence, has made incisive remarks or comments on economic and social issues in his poetry, philosophical writings, and in the course of his discourses as well as some famous letters, particularly those written to the Quaid-i-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. But these do not make Iqbal an economist. The Secretary of the PSDE was, therefore, careful in observing that the lecture commemorates our “national poet”. However, it will be of great interest to this largest national congregation of economists and other scholars concerned with development to know that the very first published book of Iqbal related neither to poetry nor philosophy, but economics. It was written in Urdu. He also taught the subject at undergraduate and Master’s level, even though he had not studied it as a student. At the Government College, Lahore, Iqbal studied English, Philosophy and Arabic for his B.A. and then completed the M.A. in Philosophy.
Performance Evaluation of MWCNTs Reinforced Cement Mortar Composites using Natural and Commercial Surfactants
No full textAn efficient and promising approach for effectively dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in cementitious composites has been investigated. The naturally occurring organic extracts from species of indigenously known 'Keekar' trees scattered along tropical and sub-tropical regions; is found as an exceptional replacement to the non-natural commercial surfactants. In the initial phase of investigation, ideal surfactant's content required for efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in solution was determined using ultraviolet spectroscopy. The experimental investigations were then extended to five different cement composite formulations containing 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10% MWCNTs by weight of cement. It was observed that the natural surfactant produced efficient dispersion at much reduced cost (approx. 14%) compared with the commercial alternate. The estimated weight efficiency factor phi was found 6.5 times higher for the proposed sustainable replacement to the conventional along with remarkable increase of 23% in modulus of rupture on 0.08 wt% addition of MWCNTs. Besides strength enhancement, the dispersed MWCNTs also improved the first crack and ultimate fracture toughness by 51.5% and 35.9%, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscopy of the cryofractured samples revealed efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in the matrix leading to the phenomenon of effective crack bridging and crack branching in the composite matrix. Furthermore, the proposed scheme significantly reduced the early age volumetric shrinkage by 39%
Ekonomi Islam Menurut Pandangan Muhammad Baqir al-Shadr
No full textEkonomi Islam Menurut Pandangan Muhammad Baqir al-Shad
DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH ASIA: LESSONS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION
No full textRegional integration is aimed at promoting socioeconomic growth and development in a region through economic cooperation among the member states. The European Union (EU) was established to promote economic and political cooperation among member countries. EU’s unprecedented success in regional integration offers lessons for other regions. Unlike the EU, SAARC has not been successful in achieving significant economic integration among member states. Despite its potential, SAARC has been plagued by political and economic differences among member states, especially between Pakistan and India. South Asian countries are unable to boost regional integration not only because of their political differences but also due to other sub-regional and trans-regional initiatives that run anti to the spirit of regional integration under the umbrella of SAARC. India’s role towards regional integration in South Asia is considered significant being the leading nation in the region. This paper first identifies the economic and political factors that hinder regional integration in South Asia. Then, it focuses on the dynamics of successful regional integration in Europe intending to underline the lessons to be learned by the South Asian countries to boost their regional cooperation.
Bibliography Entry
Niaz, Muhammad Tariq and Muhammad Riaz Shad. 2023. "Dynamics of Regional Integration in South Asia: Lessons from the European Union." Margalla Papers 27 (2): 85-101
DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH ASIA: LESSONS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION
No full textRegional integration is aimed at promoting socioeconomic growth and development in a region through economic cooperation among the member states. The European Union (EU) was established to promote economic and political cooperation among member countries. EU’s unprecedented success in regional integration offers lessons for other regions. Unlike the EU, SAARC has not been successful in achieving significant economic integration among member states. Despite its potential, SAARC has been plagued by political and economic differences among member states, especially between Pakistan and India. South Asian countries are unable to boost regional integration not only because of their political differences but also due to other sub-regional and trans-regional initiatives that run anti to the spirit of regional integration under the umbrella of SAARC. India’s role towards regional integration in South Asia is considered significant being the leading nation in the region. This paper first identifies the economic and political factors that hinder regional integration in South Asia. Then, it focuses on the dynamics of successful regional integration in Europe intending to underline the lessons to be learned by the South Asian countries to boost their regional cooperation.
Bibliography Entry
Niaz, Muhammad Tariq and Muhammad Riaz Shad. 2023. "Dynamics of Regional Integration in South Asia: Lessons from the European Union." Margalla Papers 27 (2): 85-101
Our constitution. By Shad Salem Faruqi
No full textThe book under review, written by an acknowledged constitutional law expert, Shad Saleem Faruqi, provides a good and clear understanding of the Malaysian Federal Constitution
FROM INTERVENTION TO EXIT: AN ANALYSIS OF POST-9/11 US STRATEGIES IN AFGHANISTAN
No full textFollowing the US exit from Afghanistan, the debate revolves around why US intervention in Afghanistan, the longest and one of the most expensive in its history, has failed in defeating the Taliban and realising a durable state-building. The debate considers endogenous factors that explore US and Taliban strategies and exogenous factors that underline the role of regional and extra-regional actors in determining the outcome of the Afghan conflict. This paper, therefore, focuses on faults and inconsistencies within and across US strategies in Afghanistan, i.e., the use of military force, political settlement, and state-building. It also examines US strategies vis-à-vis conflict in Afghanistan under four US administrations – from Bush to Biden – to ascertain why these strategies proved ineffective. These strategies have been analysed by following the conceptual framework of Game Theory. The paper argues that US strategies for entering Afghanistan were detached from the ground realities, which was the critical factor for its failure to achieve the desired outcome of the conflict.
Bibliography Entry
Shad, Muhammad Riaz, and Sajid Iqbal. 2021. "From Intervention to Exit: An Analysis of Post-9/11 US Strategies in Afghanistan." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 23-34
PENULISAN SURAT SHAD AYAT 54 PADA TRADISI MALAM NISFU SYA’BAN DI DESA TEGALGUBUG KECAMATAN ARJAWINANGUN KABUPATEN CIREBON
No full textSkripsi ini membahas tentang kegiatan malam Nisfu Sya’ban di
Desa Tegalgubug Kecamatan Arjawinangun Kabupaten Cirebon.
Penelitian ini menggali informasi seputar prosesi tradisi malam Nisfu
Sya’ban dan makna penulisan surat Shad ayat 54 tersebut. Pemahaman
ustadz terhadap penulisan surat Shad ayat 54 pada tradisi malam Nisfu
Sya’ban, serta manfaat yang dirasakan oleh para santri dan masyarakat
yang melakukannya.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana prosesi
tradisi malam Nisfu Sya’ban dan untuk mengidentifikasi makna surat
Shad ayat 54 yang ditulis pada media kertas saat tradisi malam Nisfu
Sya’ban. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah resepsi
alQuir’an eksegesis dan fungsional dengan penelitian lapangan. Adapun
langkah-langkah penelitiannya yaitu mengumpulkan data dengan
observasi dan wawancara kepada orang-orang yang bersangkutan,
kemudian data tersebut dianalisis, dan hasil dari penelitian kemudian
dijabarkan melalui uraian deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah pertama, bahwa prosesi
tradisi malam Nisfu Sya’ban dimulai dari membaca surat Yasin 3x sehabis
sholat maghrib berjama’ah, dilanjut baca doa, kemudian menulis surat
Shad ayat 54 di kertas lalu di simpan di tempat uang, amalan ini
merupakan ijazah dari habib Muhammad Salim As-Syatiri, dan diakhiri
dengan makan bersama. Adapun makna penulisan surat Shad ayat 54 di
kertas lalu disimpan di tempat uang tersebut ialah pengamalan penulisan
surat Shad ayat 54 yang ditulis di kertas lalu disimpan di tempat
penyimpanan uang, yang dipercaya akan memperlancar rezeki sampai
ketemu tahun berikutnya
Groundwater and surface water interactions in the Catherine Creek Watershed, Oregon - results and analysis from the 2011 seepage run
No full textby Jonathan La Marche, Karl Wozniak, Shad Hattan, Josh Hackett.Title from PDF cover (viewed on March 3, 2023).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 31-34).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Perlawanan Kaum Kafir Quraisy terhadap Nabi Muhammad Saw. pada Periode Makkah: Analisis Historis Tafsiriyah dalam Perspektif Tafsir Ibnu Katsîr
No full textPenelitian ini mengkaji bentuk dan penyebab perlawanan kaum kafir
Quraisy terhadap Nabi Muhammad Saw. sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Tafsir Al
Qur`ân al-‘Azhîm karya Ibnu Katsîr. Latar belakang penelitian ini bertumpu pada
kenyataan historis bahwa dakwah tauhid yang dibawa oleh Nabi Muhammad Saw.
tidak hanya menentang sistem keyakinan politeistik, tetapi juga mengguncang
struktur sosial, ekonomi, dan kekuasaan yang mapan dalam masyarakat Quraisy.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab perlawanan serta bentuk
bentuknya, kemudian menganalisisnya secara tematik berdasarkan tafsir klasik dan
teori sosial modern.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan
kepustakaan (library research) dan teknik analisis tafsir tematik (maudhûˈî). Data
primer diperoleh dari ayat-ayat Al-Qur`an yang menjelaskan perlawanan kaum
Quraisy, dan dianalisis melalui penafsiran Ibnu Katsîr serta pendekatan teori
konflik sosial (Karl Marx dan Max Weber) dan teori ketahanan tradisi dan
fanatisme tradisi (Eric Hoffer dan Amanah Nurish).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab perlawanan Quraisy
terhadap Nabi Muhammad Saw. mencakup tiga dimensi utama: (1) ideologis dan
fanatisme kesukuan (Q.S. Luqmân/31: 21; al-Zukhruf/43: 22–23); (2) ketimpangan
sosial dan bias kelas (Q.S. al-Zukhruf/43: 31; Shad/38: 4–8; al-An‘âm/6: 52; al
Isrâ’/17: 90–93); serta (3) ancaman terhadap kepentingan ekonomi dan politik
Quraisy (Q.S. Quraisy/106: 1–4; Sabâ`/34: 34–35). Sementara itu, bentuk
perlawanan yang ditemukan antara lain: perlawanan verbal melalui tuduhan dan
pengingkaran (Q.S. al-Furqân/25: 4–5; al-Anbiyâ`/21: 5; al-Shâffât/37: 36),
ancaman fisik terhadap kaum muslimin (Q.S. al-Naḥl/16: 106), boikot sosial dan
ekonomi (Q.S. al-An‘âm/6: 52), serta konspirasi untuk membunuh Nabi
Muhammad Saw. (Q.S. al-Anfâl/8: 30).
Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlawanan Quraisy bukanlah
penolakan spiritual semata, tetapi juga merupakan bentuk pertahanan terhadap
gangguan sosial-politik dan ideologis. Kajian ini memperkuat relevansi tafsir klasik
dalam membaca konteks konflik dakwah dan membuka refleksi atas tantangan
dakwah Islam di era moder
- …
