87 research outputs found
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Have low irrigation service charges disadvantaged the poor?
No full textIrrigation waterWater ratesPricingPoverty
Protective immune response of recombinant Fiber-2 protein as subunit vaccine against Fowl-adenovirus-4 infection in Pakistan
No full textBackground: Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) has emerged as a major viral disease of poultry industry causing huge economic losses in the recent past years. Its etiological agent, Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) has been reported in the various countries including Pakistan. Various strategies including inactivated vaccines, are being devised to control the disease since its appearance. Subunit vaccines based on viral structural proteins have demonstrated more promising protection against FAdV-4 infection than commercial inactivated vaccines. Among different viral structural proteins, Fiber protein (mainly Fiber-2) has been as a suitable candidate for developing the recombinant subunit vaccine against HPS.Methods: Considering the importance of the Fiber-2 gene, the pET28a expression vector was utilized to clone its open reading frame, which was subsequently expressed as an oligo-histidine tagged fusion protein in BL21 cells of Escherichia coli via the IPTG induction method. The expressed recombinant fiber-2 protein was purified using nickel (Ni2+) affinity chromatography and used as a subunit vaccine in broiler birds following challenge with pathogenic FAdV-4 isolate. The immunological response was evaluated using ELISA.Results: The gene for the Fiber-2 protein was effectively cloned and expressed as a soluble 60 kDa protein, as detected by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. The protective efficacy of subunit vaccine was assessed by ELISA which showed the highest protection (80%) against the virus challenge than that of commercial inactivated vaccine (70%).Conclusion: The recombinant fiber-2 protein was determined to be a good option for a recombinant subunit vaccination to control HPS.Keywords: Poultry; Fowl-adenovirus-4; Subunit vaccine
Muhammmad
No full textDie Fragen des wirtschaftlichen Wachstums und der Umwelt noch nie in der Lage gewesen, um die Komplikationen, die sich aufgrund der demographischen Übergang. Aktuelle Schwerpunktverlagerung von der Geburtenrate und der steigenden Lebenserwartung seiner Reaktion auf die Umweltqualität hat ernsthafte Sorgen über seinen Einfluss auf die wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Parameter. Diese Analyse weist auf die Veränderungen in den wichtigsten wirtschaftlichen Variablen und Umweltqualität in Reaktion auf eine lange Schock als auch die Umweltpolitik der Regierung. Diese Bewertung erfolgt durch Einsatz eines Blanchard-Yaari überlappenden Generationen kontinuierlichModell mit variabler Bevölkerung. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf Annahmen, dass die Verschmutzung Externalität ist die Produktion auf der Grundlage und steuerlichen Subventionen sind nicht vorhanden. Die Analyse zeigt, dass ein Anstieg der Lebenserwartung ist vorteilhaft für das Wirtschaftswachstum, wenn es wirkt sich auf alle im Alter basiert Schichten der Gesellschaft. Allerdings ist es nicht förderlich für die Umwelt. Außerdem, je nach den vorherrschenden Niveau des Kapitalstocks, eine Zunahme der Verschmutzung Steuern führen zu einem Anstieg für das Wirtschaftswachstum und die Umwelt bei der momentanen Wahrscheinlichkeit des Todes ist eine Funktion der Umwelt.The issues of economic growth and the environment has never been able to avoid the complications arising due to demographic transition. Recent shift in focus from birth rate to rising longevity and its responsiveness to theenvironmental quality has raised serious concerns about its influence on economic and environmental parameters. This analysis highlights the changes in key economic variables and environmental quality in response to a longevityshock as well as the environmental policy of a government. These assessment are carried out by employing a Blanchard-Yaari overlapping generations continuoustime model with variable population. The results are based on assumptions that pollution externality is production based and tax subsidies are non-existent. Analysis reveals that a rise in longevity is beneficial for economic growth when it affects all the age based strata of the society. However, it is non-conducive for the environment. Furthermore, depending upon the prevalent level of capital stock, a rise in pollution tax may lead to a risein economic growth and the environment when instantaneous probability of death is a function of environment.Muhammad MudasserAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Diss., 200
Muhammmad
No full textDie Fragen des wirtschaftlichen Wachstums und der Umwelt noch nie in der Lage gewesen, um die Komplikationen, die sich aufgrund der demographischen Übergang. Aktuelle Schwerpunktverlagerung von der Geburtenrate und der steigenden Lebenserwartung seiner Reaktion auf die Umweltqualität hat ernsthafte Sorgen über seinen Einfluss auf die wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Parameter. Diese Analyse weist auf die Veränderungen in den wichtigsten wirtschaftlichen Variablen und Umweltqualität in Reaktion auf eine lange Schock als auch die Umweltpolitik der Regierung. Diese Bewertung erfolgt durch Einsatz eines Blanchard-Yaari überlappenden Generationen kontinuierlichModell mit variabler Bevölkerung. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf Annahmen, dass die Verschmutzung Externalität ist die Produktion auf der Grundlage und steuerlichen Subventionen sind nicht vorhanden. Die Analyse zeigt, dass ein Anstieg der Lebenserwartung ist vorteilhaft für das Wirtschaftswachstum, wenn es wirkt sich auf alle im Alter basiert Schichten der Gesellschaft. Allerdings ist es nicht förderlich für die Umwelt. Außerdem, je nach den vorherrschenden Niveau des Kapitalstocks, eine Zunahme der Verschmutzung Steuern führen zu einem Anstieg für das Wirtschaftswachstum und die Umwelt bei der momentanen Wahrscheinlichkeit des Todes ist eine Funktion der Umwelt.The issues of economic growth and the environment has never been able to avoid the complications arising due to demographic transition. Recent shift in focus from birth rate to rising longevity and its responsiveness to theenvironmental quality has raised serious concerns about its influence on economic and environmental parameters. This analysis highlights the changes in key economic variables and environmental quality in response to a longevityshock as well as the environmental policy of a government. These assessment are carried out by employing a Blanchard-Yaari overlapping generations continuoustime model with variable population. The results are based on assumptions that pollution externality is production based and tax subsidies are non-existent. Analysis reveals that a rise in longevity is beneficial for economic growth when it affects all the age based strata of the society. However, it is non-conducive for the environment. Furthermore, depending upon the prevalent level of capital stock, a rise in pollution tax may lead to a risein economic growth and the environment when instantaneous probability of death is a function of environment.Muhammad MudasserAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Diss., 200
Effect of Longevity on Economic Growth, Accounting for Variability in Demographic Transition: Evidence for Pakistan using ARDL Bounds Testing Approach
No full textRising longevity due to access to better health services affects the growth and composition of the population differently than birth rates. In addition, empirical evidence of the effects of rising longevity on standards of living is ambiguous. From the perspective of developing nations, it is important to understand how rising longevity affects national prosperity, as this allows governments to develop programs for increasing investment in the health sector. This study explicitly tested varying intertemporal impacts of rising longevity on the GDP per capita of Pakistan between 1967 and 2020. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration was used to estimate and compare short-run and long-run estimates of longevity. The results indicated that a 1% increase in longevity increased the growth rate of GDP per capita in Pakistan by 0.64% in the long-run. In addition, a 1% increase in life expectancy at birth above 62 years increased economic growth by an additional 0.009%. In general, the estimated effect of increased longevity varied by stages of demographic transition in Pakistan
Extracting Key Sentences from Text
No full textAutomatic key sentence extraction from a text is a challenging task. It has numerous applications in text processing systems. The actual task of key sentence extraction consists of three main functionalities: (i) Identification of sentence boundary in a text, (ii) a ranking function that assigns a score between (0-1) for each correctly extracted sentence based on important semantics of the text and (iii) Deciding the most relevant sentences based on evaluation function. This study carries out a survey about the state of the art in the field. It later proposed a heuristic based extraction using lexical chain of terms. The proposed approach is evaluated by using human based evaluation criteria on some existing text datasets. Encouraging results were obtained
Simulating the hydrology of small coastal ecosystems in conditions of limited data
No full textHydrology / Simulation / Ecosystems / Lagoons / Estuaries / Irrigation effects / Sri Lanka / South Africa / Karagan Lagoon / Bundala Lagoon
Prospects for wheat production under changing climate in mountain areas of Pakistan - An econometric analysis
No full textEffect of Uncertainty, Supplier Involvement, Supplier Performance and Partnership Quality on Buyer-Supplier Relationship
No full textThe research is undertaken to evaluate the aspects of Uncertainty, Earlier Supplier Involvement, Supplier Performance and Partnership quality on Buyer dependence on the Supplier. In this explanatory research, a model is developed to validate the premise that by drafting value creating supplier relationship in order to help and implement strategies in supply chain management in manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies which will increase the buyer’s dependency of the suppliers. The study used data from atleast 228 procurement personnel from various industries. The results show that early supplier involvement, partnership quality, supplier performance have a significant and positive impact on buyer’s dependence. Whereas, uncertainty has also a positive but insignificant relationship with buyer dependence. To increase buyer dependency suppliers should be involved in early stage of the design and production of the product. Partnership quality and supplier performance also have significant impact on buyer dependence so management should consider the factors
- …
