47 research outputs found
Study on Multi-Dimensional Decision for One-Day Shopping Travel in Consideration of Flexible Daily Temporal Constraint
No full textNowadays, shopping travels increasingly contributes a large proportion to urban travels, particularly on peak periods, and provide more congestion and some kinds of environmental problems in urban areas such centre business districts of cities. In view of transportation planning, it is important to recognize and analyze the shopping travel demand accurately in order to match transportation supply or infrastructure efficiently. Regarding travel demand analysis based on the activity-based approach, the behavior of shopping travels have multi-dimension attributes such as time of day, travel pattern, travel destination, and travel mode choices, etc. Concerning one-day shopping activity-travel, individuals may face capability and authority constraints to be considered in deciding the travel attributes. Furthermore, particularly in Islamic society or community, most individuals choose their time attributes of the travel not only consider the lunch time or the dinner time constraints, but also a specific flexible daily temporal constraint (FDTC) for the daily obligations in noon until evening, namely praying time-activity. The last constraint may affect departure time decisions and to the others travel attributes simultaneously. As consequently, the constraint causes accumulative impact such evening congestion becomes much severe, and or affection to the destination/shopping place choice, etc.\ud
In this regard, the recognizing and consideration the effect of the temporal constraint on the travel demand is an essential task of the transportation planning process for determining strategies for overcome the urban transportation problem in the society. Regarding the above problem, this dissertation has proposed multi-dimensional decision models for one-day shopping travel in consideration of the flexible daily temporal constraint, the praying time-activity constraint, where lunch time-activity as reference. The multi dimensional-choice models includes choice model of leave time from shopping place, home departure time choice model, a simultaneous choice model of the departure time and trip pattern, and a choice model of the departure time and travel mode simultaneously. Those models are derived from three processes on one-day shopping travel, i.e. the processes of leave home, stay at shopping place, and return home. The processes lead to four disutility types, disutility of earliness home departure time, disutility of shortage and disutility of length of stay at shopping place, and disutility of lateness home arrival time. Additionally, in regard to consider the distinguishing implication of each travel mode utilization, disutility of parking charge for private travel mode and disutility of inconvenience due to uncertainty of travel time for public transit mode are accommodated. Particularly, the models also accommodate the effect of the flexible daily temporal constraint. Further, the construction of the models adopted disutility minimizing model (DMM) approach. The approach assumes that only time attributes of travelers due to the operational features of transit system affected traveler???s choice or decision, and travelers attempt to minimize the sum of all disutility types that may be faced in order to choose their travel decision attributes. The proposed models were applied to one-day shopping travelers in Makassar, Indonesia, the country in Asian developing countries where majority of its citizen have to conduct the praying time constraint. In addition, the study provides a comparison for departure time choice model in case lunch time as main temporal constraint of travelers in developed countries, particularly in Fukuoka, Japan. According to the calculation results using higher order multiple integrations method which have to be made repeatedly, we can reveal that the models and estimated parameters provided acceptable reproducibility of leave time, departure time, travel pattern and travel mode choices at the same time or simultaneously. The flexible daily temporal constraint could be observed in the all above choice models. Briefly, the models with estimated parameters can be tested further by applying to others situations, and we can expect that the model can be applied in forecasting travel demand such as leave or departure time, and travel pattern or mode on one-day shopping travel, and developed for more comprehensive model in the future studies
Pengaruh Penguapan-Pengembunan Berulang Terhadap Durabilitas Campuran Buonite Mastic Asphalt (BMA)
No full textTesis ini dalam rangka penyelesaian studi Magister penulis di Institut Teknologi Bandung Prodi Teknik Sipil Bidang Keutamaan Rekayasa Transportasi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2001Studi atas pengaruh proses penguapan-pengembunan berulang uap air terhadap durabilitas campuran beraspal masih terbatas. Studi ini difokuskan pada pengaruh proses penguapan-pengembunan berulang terhadap durabilitas campuran beraspal yang menggunakan binder Butonite Mastic (BM), yaitu campuran Butonite Mastic Asphalt (BMA) yang menerapkan teknologi mutakhir dari asbuton.\ud
Benda uji yang digunakan adalah campuran BMA dan campuran Lapis Beton Aspal sebagai pembanding. Gradasi agregat kedua jenis campuran mengikuti gradasi campuran No. IV Bina Marga. Penentuan kadar BM optimum (KBO) campuran BMA dilakukan dengan memvariasikan kadar BM dari 9% - 13% dengan tingkat kenaikan 1%. Untuk Lapis Beton Aspal, kadar aspal minyak (asmin) optimum (KAO) ditentukan dengan memvariasikan kadar asmin dari 5% - 7% dengan tingkat kenaikan 0,5%. Pada benda uji dengan masing-masing kadar aspal optimumnya, dilakukan 3 jenis pengujian, yaitu Marshall Immersion (pada suhu air 60???C, selama 30 menit dan 24 jam), penguapan-pengembunan berulang dan perendaman berulang selama siklus 10, 20, 40 dan 80 hari. Untuk mengevaluasi, digunakan analisis Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) dan Indeks Durabilitas Pertama (IDP) dan Kedua (IDK).\ud
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IKS akibat perendaman Marshall masih berada diatas 75%. Nilai IKS, IDP dan IDK campuran BMA adalah 82,8%, 0,29%/hr, 10,76%/hr untuk pengujian penguapan-pengembunan berulang, dan 67,8%, 0,54%/hr, 21,49%/hr pada pengujian perendaman berulang. Secara keseluruhan campuran BMA lebih tahan/awet terhadap pengaruh infiltrasi uap air pada proses penguapan-pengembunan berulang dibandingkan dengan Lapis Beton Aspal, namun terhadap pengaruh infiltrasi air pada proses perendaman berulang, Lapis Beton Aspal lebih tahan/awet dari campuran BMA
A Simultaneous Choice Model of Departure Time and Travel Mode on One-Day Shopping Travel based on Disutility Minimizing Model Approach
No full textThis paper develops a simultaneous choice model of departure time and travel mode choices on one-day shopping travel based on minimizing disutility model approach. The model assumes that travelers decide both choices at the same time in order to minimize a numerous disutility types. The disutility types include shortage stay time disutility at a shopping place, parking charge disutility, inconvenience disutility due to travel time uncertainty, lateness home arrival time disutility, and disutility which consider a flexible daily time constraint such praying time-activity during noon until evening. The model was applied to the travelers who conduct one-day shopping travel based on home-shopping centre-home, H-SC-H, pattern, while available three travel mode choices i.e., car, motorcycle, and public transit. Regarding a goodness of fit test, the proposed model was acceptable. The results provide an expectation to develop a simultaneous choice model of departure time and the shopping place choice in further studies
STUDI MODEL HUBUNGAN VOLUME–KECEPATAN–KEPADATAN PADA JALAN PERKOTAAN TIPE 2 LAJUR DAN 4 LAJUR TAK TERBAGI (2UD DAN 4UD)
No full textAbstrak Pada beberapa lokasi prasarana jalan tipe 2 arah tak terbagi baik untuk tipe 2 lajur (2/2UD) maupun tipe 4 lajur (4/2UD) pada kota-kota besar di Indonesia, permasalahan kemacetan dan tundaan arus lalulintas sudah sering terjadi. Untuk mencari solusi manajemen lalulintas pada penanganan prasarana jalan tersebut, maka terlebih dahulu diperlukan studi mengenai karakteristik arus lalulintas secara umum dan model hubungan antar karakteristik arus lalulintas tersebut secara khusus. Dalam konteks tersebut, studi ini bertujuan menganalisis model hubungan antar karakteristik volume (V), kecepatan (S) dan kepadatan (D) arus lalulintas, untuk selanjutnya mengevaluasi model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai dengan kondisi arus lalulintas yang ada.Survai data pada ruas jalan tipe 2/2 UD dilakukan pada 3 ruas jalan, yaitu Jl. Abd. Dg. Sirua, Jl. Yos Sudarso, dan Jl. Lanto Dg. Pasewang di Kota Makasaar. Untuk jalan tipe 4/2UD survai dibatasi pada ruas Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan dan Jl. St. Alauddin. Pengambilan data studi meliputi data volume lalulintas, kecepatan lalulintas, kondisi geometrik jalan, dan data faktor-faktor penyesuaian kondisi jalan dan wilayah studi. Metode pengambilan data volume dan kecepatan lalulintas dilakukan dengan metode manual count, untuk data geometrik jalan dan beberapa data faktor penyesuaian jalan, dilakukan dengan observasi langsung pada ruas jalan tersebut di atas. Sedangkan data faktor penyesuaian lainnya, diperoleh dengan cara survai sekunder pada instansi terkait. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 1 minggu, yaitu Senin, Selasa, Rabu, Kamis, Jumat, dan Sabtu, dengan periode waktu survai dilakukan pada periode jam puncak, yaitu pukul 07.00‑09.00, 12.00-14.00, dan 16.00-18.00 WITA. Analisis data karakteristik lalulintas didasarkan pada metode Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997. Sedangkan studi model matematis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis model Greenshield, model Greenberg, dan model Underwood. Untuk evaluasi model yang sesuai, dilakukan analisis nilai koefisien korelasi (r) dari setiap model yang ada.Dari hasil analisis dan evaluasi model terlihat bahwa untuk ruas jalan tipe 2/2UD, model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai untuk Jl. Abd. Dg. Sirua adalah model Greenberg, untuk Jl. Yos Sudarso mengikuti model Greenshield, sedangkan untuk ruas Jl. Lanto Dg. Pasewang lebih mengikuti model Underwood. Adapun untuk ruas jalan tipe 4/2UD, model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai untuk ruas Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan adalah mengikuti model Greenberg, sedangkan untuk ruas Jl. Sultan Alauddin, mengikuti model Greenshield.Kata-kata kunci: volume (V), kecepatan (S), kepadatan (D), Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood, jalan tipe 2/2UD, dan jalan tipe 4/2UD
Car Ownership of Households in Sub-Urban Area in Makassar City
No full textThe present study aims to grasp the car ownership characteristics of households in the sub-urban area in Makassar City, Indonesia. The study considers some exogenous characteristics of the households, such house types, family size, income, motorcycle ownership, trip number, and worker number. To construct the relationship between those characteristics and the car ownership, we applied the multinomial logit model approach. This study surveyed seven residential areas in the sub-urban area of the city. The survey conducted an interviewing method using a questionnaire sheet. The survey respondents as representative of the households, which selected randomly from the residential areas. The results show that the goodness of fit of the car ownership model is acceptable enough. Further, all of the exogenous variables significantly influence the households in car ownership. We expected that the results provide a basis for further studies such time valuation of car riders, mode choice model of the households, etc
Activity-Travel Behaviour, and Daily and Global Well-Being
No full textUsing a hierarchical SEM and multidimensional 3-week household time-use and activity diary, this study investigated how interaction of individuals’ daily travel parameters, time-use and activity participation and percentage of undertaking passive leisure within various activity participation, life circumstances, and geographical conditions shape individuals’ daily and global subjective well-being. This study confirms that life circumstances insignificantly shape people’s well-being as argued as well in previous studies. Moreover, daily subjective well-being or people daily context in which contains how people organizes their daily activity-travel behaviour positively shape people life satisfaction as hypothesised. This study also confirms that different daily activity participation tends to shape different level of people’s daily subjective well-being. Spending more time-use for leisure, sport and grocery shopping tends to positively correlate with having better daily subjective well-being. Having better mental and social health are found to positively shape people’s daily and global well-being, respectively. For policy implementations, this study can say that providing more opportunities for undertaking out-of-home activities such as out-of-home leisure, sport and grocery shopping with time-use policy and denser land use planning
Studi Tingkat Kekuatan Bunyi Kendaraan Angkutan Umum Mikrolet di Kota Makassar
No full textSistem pengoperasian angkutan umum mikrolet di Kota Makassar berbasis para-transit pada situasi lalu lintas yang bersifat heterogen telah mendorong kontribusi kendaraan angkutan umum yang cukup tinggi terhadap tingkat kebisingan lalu lintas di jalan raya. Dalam konteks solusi permasalahan kebisingan lalu lintas tersebut, maka sangat diperlukan penelitian mendasar terhadap tingkat kekuatan (power level) bunyi kendaraan terlebih dahulu, sebelum dilakukan pengembangan model prediksi kebisingan lalu lintas untuk kebutuhan simulasi mitigasi kebisingan lalu lintas. Untuk itu, studi ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kekuatan bunyi suara kendaraan angkutan umum mikrolet yang beroperasi pada jaringan jalan di Kota Makassar. Studi ini telah melakukan survei pengukuran kebisingan yang ditimbulkan oleh suara kendaraan angkutan umum dalam kondisi melaju pada dua ruas jalan di Kota Makassar dengan menggunakan perangkat smartphone (Iphone-4s) berbasis aplikasi Decibel 10th. Pemilihan kedua ruas jalan sebagai lokasi survey didasarkan pada kriteria lokasi pengukuran tingkat kekuatan bunyi kendaraan. Selain pengukuran kebisingan, pada waktu dan lokasi yang sama dilakukan pengkuran kecepatan kendaraan angkutan umum tersebut dengan menggunakan perangkat sejenis berbasis aplikasi speed gun. Hasil kompilasi dan analisis data memperlihatkan bahwa kecepatan kendaraan angkutan umum berada pada interval 30 -40 km/jam dengan nilai tingkat kekuatan bunyi kendaraan pada interval 91 ??? 92 dB. Lebih jauh, dengan menggunakan analisis hubungan dengan pendekatan model regresi linear, diperoleh model hubungan linear antara power level dengan nilai kecepatan kendaraan berbasis logaritmik yang sangat signifikan. Hasil-hasil pada studi ini telah memberikan dasar yang kuat untuk mengembangkan model prediksi kebisingan lalu lintas pada ruas jalan perkotaan berbasis lalu lintas heterogen yang akan dilakukan pada studi-studi lanjutan
STUDI UTILISASI SOIL CEMENT SEDIMEN SUNGAI JENEBERANG SEBAGAI SUB-GRADE JALAN
No full textTerjadinya Longsor Gunung Bawakaraeng telah meluncurkan ?? 300 juta m3 tanah dan pasir melalui Sungai Jeneberang atas ??? Waduk Bili-Bili - Sungai Jeneberang bawah. Material hasil pengerukan sediman ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai material konstruksi baik untuk konstruksi jalan maupun bangunan. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengkajian kelayakan material melalui pengujian laboratorium mengenai karakteristik material sebagai subgrade perkerasan jalan lentur dengan metode stabilisasi sehingga mampu meningkatkan kekuatan tanah sedimen. Hasil-hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tanah sedimen pengerukan yang distabilisasi dengan semen cenderung terjadi peningkatan kekuatan dengan penambahan semen dan waktu pemeraman. Pola hubungan nilai CBR lapangan dengan nilai modulus reaksi tanah (k) untuk tanah sedimen stabilisasi semen mengikuti pola yang sama dengan grafik Departemen PU Bina Marga RI. Model numerik hubungan kadar semen portland (sp) dengan modulus reaksi tanah (k) adalah sp = -0,9681(k)2 + 24,635(k) - 136,44. Sedangkan hubungan antara semen portland dengan nilai-nilai CBR adalah sp = -0,0592(cbr)2 + 3,1219(cbr) - 19,064. Model bermanfaat untuk mengetahui kadar semen bila nilai modulus reaksi tanah dasar (k) dan nilai CBR, atau sebaliknya
Running Vehicle Emission Factors of Passenger Cars in Makassar, Indonesia
No full textThe present paper aims to grasp the emission factors of passenger cars under a running vehicle condition in Makassar, Indonesia. Field measurements using a portable combustion gas analyzer on six technology types of cars in the city were conducted. The vehicle exhaust emissions such as CO, NO, NOx, and CO2 were measured for various running speeds of the vehicles under hot engine and free flow speed conditions. The vehicle speeds are varied on 0, 20, 40, and 60 km/hr in following a certain driving cycle. The relationships between the exhaust emissions and the vehicle speeds using polynomial model are obtained, as well as the emission factors for average values of the speeds. The results show that the CO2 emission factors are slightly lower from International Vehicle Emission Model (IVEM) value, as well as the others emission types. These emission factors will be used in predicting running vehicle emission on the city in further study
KESELAMATAN LALU LINTAS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR KARUWISI II KOTA MAKASSAR
No full textAbstract Projections made between 2000 and 2020 show that fatalities from traffic accidents will decline by 30% in high-income countries, but will increase in low- and medium-income countries. Without any real action, by 2020 traffic accidents will be the third leading cause of accidents and diseases in the world. This study analyzes students\u27 vulnerability in terms of student travel patterns from and to schools, knowledge of safety facilities, traffic habits, and traffic perceptions of primary school-aged children by taking case studies of Karuwisi II State Elementary School in Makassar City. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical test. The results show that students have a risk of traffic accidents, which is seen in the presence of knowledge facility gaps and perception gaps that indicate a difference. Keywords: traffic accidents, safety knowledge, perception, primary school students Abstrak Proyeksi yang dilakukan antara tahun 2000 dan tahun 2020 menunjukkan bahwa kematian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas akan menurun 30% di negara-negara dengan pendapatan tinggi, tetapi akan meningkat di negara dengan pendapatan rendah dan sedang. Tanpa adanya tindakan yang nyata, pada tahun 2020 kecelakaan lalu lintas akan menjadi penyebab kecelakaan dan penyakit nomor tiga di dunia. Pada studi ini dilakukan analisis tingkat kerawanan siswa ditinjau dari pola perjalanan siswa dari dan ke sekolah, pengetahuan tentang fasilitas keselamatan, kebiasaan berlalu lintas, dan persepsi lalu lintas pada anak usia sekolah dasar, dengan mengambil studi kasus Sekolah Dasar Negeri Karuwisi II di Kota Makassar. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistika nonparametrik. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki risiko terhadap kecelakaan lalu lintas, yang terlihat pada adanya kesenjangan pengetahuan fasilitas keselamatan dan kesenjangan persepsi yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan. Kata-kata kunci: kecelakaan lalu lintas, pengetahuan keselamatan, persepsi, siswa sekolah dasa
