104 research outputs found
The mediation of hiv/aids knowledge in the effect of media exposure on attitude and practice on the syndrome: a cross sectional study of dolescent Islamiyya girls in north- East Nigeria
No full textmediation effect of HIV/ AIDS knowledge was verified. A survey was administered on a sample of 487 Islamiyya girls in Bauchi. The study finds that while mass media exposure is not a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS safe practice and favorable attitude, it is a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge. While HIV/AIDS knowledge is a significant predictor of both HIV/AIDS favorable attitude and safe practice. There was a significant mediation effect of HIV/AIDS knowledge on the effect of HIV/AIDS media exposure on HIV/ AIDS safe practice. It was thus concluded that media exposure is a necessary but not a sufficient precursor for HIV/AIDS safe practice
Relationships between HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and practice and media exposure on HIV/AIDS: a cross sectional survey of adolescent Islamiyya girls in northeast Nigeria / Adamu Muhammad Hamid and Ezhar Tamam
No full textMedia exposure on HIV/AIDS among adolescents in the sub-Saharan Africa has been reported as low in the early 2000s but now given growth in infrastructure and development in technology and program appeal, there emerges a need for reassessment. Given that communication particularly through the media is considered as a major preventive strategy to addressing the spread of the epidemic, this study investigates the media exposure, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of adolescent Islamiyya girls in Northeast Nigeria on HIV/AIDS as a predominantly Muslim society against the background of earlier studies which have shown that Muslim communities which were hitherto considered protected are now witnessing a rapid evidence of an advancing HIV/AIDS epidemic. And because of peculiar cultural and social practices women and girls are the worst affected. Media exposure on HIV/AIDS messages is considered a principal variable associated with safe attitudes and practice on the disease’s prevention which was mainly investigated among the girls as potential mothers. The main objectives of the study were to determine the girls’ patterns of media exposure and their KAP statuses in relation to HIV/AIDS through questionnaire survey. Based on Hierarchy of Effects model, hypotheses were posed to test the relationships between HIV/AIDS media exposure and HIV/AIDS knowledge, safe practice and safe attitudes among the girls, and relationship among the KAP variables. Survey will be administered on a sample of 487 Islamiyya girls in Bauchi. This study finds that while mass media exposure is not a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS safe practice and favorable attitude, it is a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge. While HIV/AIDS knowledge is a significant predictor of both HIV/AIDS favorable attitude and safe practice
HIV/AIDS message exposure, knowledge, attitudes and safe practices among adolescent Islamiyya girls in Northeast Nigeria
No full textExposure to HIV/AIDS messages especially on the mass media among adolescents in
sub Saharan Africa has been reported as abysmal in the early 2000s, but now given
the growth in infrastructure and development in technology and program appeal, there
emerges a need for reassessment. Given that communication particularly through the
media is considered a major preventive strategy, this study was set out with the
objective of investigating the message exposure, knowledge, attitudes and practices
(KAP) on HIV/AIDS of adolescent Islamiyya girls as potential mothers in Northeast
Nigeria a predominantly Muslim society. Mediating role of HIV/AIDS knowledge
and HIV/AIDS attitudes between HIV/AIDS message exposure and HIV/AIDS safe
practice, and the moderating role of formal schooling in a structural model were
verified. The study also investigated the girl’s interpretations of HIV/AIDS messages
because generally campaigns over the mass media are susceptible to being
misinterpreted by different audiences. This study as well content analyzed the Daily
Trust newspaper to determine its pattern of the coverage of HIV/AIDS.
Questionnaire survey was administered to 487 respondents selected through multi
stage probability sampling, whose data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and PLS
Structural Equation Modeling. The qualitative data on the interpretations of the girls’
of HIV/AIDS major campaign messages was drawn through focus group discussion
with 24 informants among the girls. Focus group discussion is relevant because the
informants are being investigated on a focused topic, which is their negotiated
meanings of HIV/AIDS campaign messages. Again, all similar studies of message
exposure and HIV/AIDS KAP only investigated the extent of message exposure,
thereby leaving a big gap on the essence or meaning the audience attach to the messages. A hundred and seventy HIV/AIDS stories of Daily Trust were content
analyzed for the period of 3.5 years (1st January 2013-31st June 2016)
The survey found that majority of the respondents reported mass media as their main
sources of information on HIV/AIDS. The tested structural model shows while
HIV/AIDS message exposure was not a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS safe
practice and favorable attitudes, it was a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS
knowledge, and HIV/AIDS knowledge was a significant predictor of both HIV/AIDS
favorable attitudes and safe practice. HIV/AIDS knowledge was a significant
mediator in the model and formal schooling a significant moderator on HIV/AIDS
practice. It is concluded that HIV/AIDS message exposure is a necessary but not a
sufficient precursor for HIV/AIDS safe practice. It is also revealed that the girls
interpreted the HIV/AIDS messages (1) in literal sense, (2) in connotative sense
contrived in consonance with Islamic principle, (3) as gender discrimination, (4) as
protection, and (5) as legitimization for adultery. Majority of the Daily Trust’s
HIV/AIDS stories were hard news, mostly dedicated on the theme of care for people
living with HIV/AIDS and mostly neglecting rural areas in their coverage. Almost all
the stories were buried in inside pages and only. Overall, evidence from this study
suggests that the Hierarchy of Effects model fits better within the Media Limited
Effects models compared to linear transmission models of behavior change. It is thus
concluded that mass media are a necessary but not a sufficient precursor of HIV/AIDS
practice, and HIV/AIDS messages are prone to misinterpretations
Press coverage of HIV/AIDS in Northern Nigeria: a study of daily trust
No full textAfrica south of Sahara is still bearing more than half of the world’s HIV/AIDS burden. Because medical science has been unable to offer anything more than ways or methods of turning it from a fatal into a chronic condition, much emphasis and attention shifted to its prevention. The Mass Media has played a central role in that direction. Evidence of media reportage on HIV/ AIDS in countries with high prevalence rates like Nigeria, becomes worthwhile to ensure there is adequate dosage of media ‘vaccination’ against the disease.. In scoring the press in health priorities (particularly HIV/AIDS) against the backdrop of prescriptions of Development Media Theory in developing countries like Nigeria, this study attempts to investigate the major consistent newspaper in northern Nigeria, the Daily Trust, on its coverage of HIV/AIDS. The study content analyzed the newspaper to depict how the coverage of the disease is given priority in the region. Specific objectives of the study are to identify the Daily Trust’s major sources of news on HIV/AIDS, identify how the types of HIV/AIDS, news are covered in the newspaper, identify the major HIV/AIDS themes of the news stories, and determine the prominence the newspaper gives to HIV/AIDS news. The study covers the newspaper issues published over three years from 2013-2015 and the first half of 2016, from which 170 stories were studied: news stories, features and editorials. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Hypothesized relationships between pairs of key content categories were tested and Pearson Chi Square value was significant between Source of HIV/AIDS story and HIV/AIDS story treatment, between Coverage of HIV/AIDS Major Themes and HIV/AIDS Story Presentation Taste, and between HIV/AIDS Source of Story and Geographic Focus of HIV/AIDS story. Findings also reveal that all HIV/AIDS stories were printed in the inside pages and none made front page headlines. There was also a shift from publishing grim HIV/AIDS figures to stories of hope and care for people living with HIV/AIDS. Most of the HIV/AIDS stories studied focused on urban centers and had no illustrations. It is therefore concluded that despite the importance of the disease which poses a challenge to development, HIV/AIDS is not given adequate coverage and attention by the press in Northern Nigeria
The mediation of HIV/AIDS knowledge in the effect of media exposure on attitude and practice on the syndrome: a cross sectional study of adolescent Islamiyya girls in North- east Nigeria
No full textIn the early 2000s adolescents' media exposure in sub-Saharan Africa was reported as very low, but today growth in infrastructure, media technology and program appeal make a case for a reassessment of the situation. Given that communication particularly through the media is considered a major preventive strategy to addressing the spread of the epidemic, this study investigates the media exposure, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) status of adolescent Islamiyya girls as potential mothers in Northeast Nigeria on HIV/AIDS as a predominantly Muslim society against the backdrop of earlier studies which showed that Muslim communities which were hitherto considered protected, were now witnessing a rapid evidence of an advancing HIV/AIDS epidemic. On the Hierarchy of Effects theory, hypotheses were posed to test relationships between HIV/AIDS media exposure and knowledge, favorable attitudes and safe practice among the girls; mediation effect of HIV/ AIDS knowledge was verified. A survey was administered on a sample of 487 Islamiyya girls in Bauchi. The study finds that while mass media exposure is not a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS safe practice and favorable attitude, it is a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge. While HIV/AIDS knowledge is a significant predictor of both HIV/AIDS favorable attitude and safe practice. There was a significant mediation effect of HIV/AIDS knowledge on the effect of HIV/AIDS media exposure on HIV/ AIDS safe practice. It was thus concluded that media exposure is a necessary but not a sufficient precursor for HIV/AIDS safe practice
Resolving Nigeria's ‘Boko Haram’ insurgence: What role for the media?
No full textNigeria has no doubt witnessed and is still witnessing several forms of conflicts in both the North and the Southern divides.One of such devastating insurgence that currently ravaged the peaceful and harmonious living in the country is the present conflicts in the North, involving the Islamic sect group – Boko Haram.The sect (which forbid western education) come to limelight in 2009 after the arrest and subsequent murder of the former leader Late Muhammed Yusuf.Since then however, the group have successfully launched attacks that have claimed lives and properties worth billions of Naira, most of which were attributed to the way and manner in which media handles them.The mass media are blamed in several occasions on inflaming the conflict, particularly regarding the nature of their reportage.The critical question is can Nigerian media play any role in resolving the Boko – Haram insurgence? This form the fulcrum in which this paper revolved
Relationships between media exposure and knowledge, attitude, and practice on HIV/AIDS: a cross sectional survey of adolescent Islamiyya girls in Nigeria
No full textExposure to HIV/AIDS media among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa was reported as low in the early 2000s, but now given developments in technology and program appeal, there emerges a need for reassessment. Given that communication, particularly through the media plays a major role in stemming the spread of the epidemic, this study examines the HIV/AIDS media exposure, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of adolescent Islamiyya girls in northern Nigeria as a predominantly Muslim society. The objectives of the study were to (1) identify the girls' major sources of information on HIV/AIDS; (2) assess their exposure to HIV/AIDS media and their HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and practice; and (3) verify relationships between media exposure and HIV/AIDS KAP. Based on the Advertising Research Foundation's Hierarchy of Effects model, hypotheses were posed to test the relationships. A questionnaire survey was administered on a randomly selected sample of 500 Islamiyya girls in Bauchi, Nigeria, from an estimated population of 35,000. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results showed media exposure is not a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS practice, but it is a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge. And HIV/AIDS knowledge significantly predicted both HIV/AIDS attitude and practice. HIV/AIDS attitude also significantly predicted HIV/AIDS practice. It is thus concluded that among Nigerian adolescent girls, exposure to HIV/AIDS media is a necessary but not a sufficient predictor of HIV/AIDS KAP
UHMW Ziegler–Natta polyethylene: Synthesis, crystallization, and melt behavior
No full textThe fabrication of normal and UHMW PE end-products involves melting and crystallization of the polymer. Therefore, the melt behavior and crystallization of as-synthesized UHMW PE, and NMW PE and E-1-hexene copolymer have been studied using a new nonisothermal crystallization model, Flory's equilibrium theory and ethylene sequence length distribution concept (SLD), Gibbs–Thompson equation, and DSC experiments. By using this approach, the effects of MW, 1-hexene incorporation, ethylene SLD, the level of undercooling θ, and crystal surface free energy D on crystallite stability, relative crystallinity α, instantaneous crystallinity χ, the crystallization kinetic triplet, crystallization entropy, and lamellar thickness distribution (LTD) have been evaluated. Consequently, this study reports insightful new results, interpretations, and explanations regarding the melting and crystallization of the aforementioned polymers. The UHMW PE results significantly differ from the NMW PE and E-1-hexene copolymer ones. Ethylene sequences shorter than the so called minimum crystallizable ethylene sequence length, irrespective of E-1-hexene copolymer MW, can also crystallize. Additionally, the polymer preparation shows that the catalyst coordination environment and symmetry, as well as achiral ethylene versus prochiral α-olefin steric encumbrance and competitive diffusion affect the synthesis of UHMW PE, particularly the corresponding UHMW copolymers.The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support provided for this study by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) via the Science & Technology Unit at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) through Project Number 14-PET-283-04 as part of the National Science and Technology Innovation Plan (MAARIFAH). The technical assistance provided by the Center for Refining & Petrochemicals (CRP) at the Research Institute, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; and NMR Core Laboratory, Thuwal, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia is also gratefully acknowledged. The support offered by Prof. J. C. Santamarina, Energy GeoEngineering Laboratory, KAUST to NMR assay is highly appreciated. The technical assistance of Mr. Anwar Hossaen and the gift of the experimental α-olefins by United Petrochemicals, an affiliate of Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), are thankfully appreciated
COVID‐19 vaccine wastage: A challenge to achieving herd immunity in Nigeria
No full textAbstract The emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic has overburdened many health‐care systems in the world, particularly in Nigeria and other African countries with fragile public health system. Since the emergence of the pandemic, Nigeria has been struggling to restore the impact on its health‐care system as the country keeps recording a growing number of cases and deaths. Vaccination has been the most efficient strategy towards curbing the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly in countries like Nigeria where preventive measures were poorly strategised or implemented. The country was able to secure some doses of the COVID‐19 vaccine through donations, but concerns have been raised as up to 1 million doses of the vaccine were wasted due to delays in importations and poor cold chain management system. This wastage can pose a challenge to achieving COVID‐19 herd immunity in Nigeria. The causative factors of the vaccine wastage in Nigeria must therefore be tackled in order to effectively curb the COVID‐19 outbreak and consequently achieve herd immunity through massive vaccination. The government in collaboration with World Health Organisation and Africa Centre for Disease Control should facilitate and fast track the safe delivery of the vaccines to Nigeria. Misconceptions about COVID‐19 and its vaccine should be tackled to encourage the vaccine acceptance. The challenges faced by the vaccine supply chain system should be properly addressed by providing adequate funding and security, improved power supply, good vaccine infrastructure and improved vaccine data management in order to facilitate the safe and timely distribution of adequate vaccines across the country
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