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Drinking water and biofilm as sources of antimicrobial re-sistance in free-range organic broiler farms.
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Drinking Water and Biofilm as Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance in Free-Range Organic Broiler Farms
by Alessandra Piccirillo
1,* [ORCID] , Roberta Tolosi
1, Lapo Mughini-Gras
2,3, Jannigje G. Kers
3 [ORCID] and Andrea Laconi
1 [ORCID]
1
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
2
Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2024, 13(9), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090808
Submission received: 14 June 2024 / Revised: 21 August 2024 / Accepted: 24 August 2024 / Published: 26 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in Microbial Biofilms)
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Abstract
Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) represent an ideal environment for biofilm formation, which can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to assess longitudinally the microbial community composition and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as determined by 16S rRNA NGS and qPCR, respectively, in drinking water (DW) and biofilm from DWDSs, as well as faeces, of free-range organic broiler farms. The role of DWDSs in AMR gene (ARG) dissemination within the farm environment and transmission to animals, was also assessed. DW and biofilm microbial communities differed from those of faecal samples. Moreover, potentially pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcaceae) were identified in water and biofilms. High prevalence and abundance of ARGs conferring resistance to carbapenems (i.e., blaNDM), 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins (i.e., blaCMY-2), (fluoro)quinolones (i.e., qnrS), and polymyxins (i.e., mcr-3 and mcr-5) were detected in DW, biofilm, and faecal samples, which is of concern for both animal and human health. Although other factors (e.g., feed, pests, and wildlife) may contribute to the dissemination of AMR in free-range organic poultry farms, this study indicates that DWDSs can also play a role
Phenology and distribution of Italian populations of Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellap? (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae)
No full textSummary: Phenology and distribution of Italian populations of Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellapé (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae). Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapè (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) was detected for the first time in Italy in September 2011, on several Eucalyptus species and hybrids. This pest, native of Australia, was the first species of the family Thaumastocoridae found in Europe. In this paper we report data on its current distribution in Italy, where the species is present in Lazio, Campania and Tuscany. Phenological studies allowed to detect the presence of eggs, preimaginal stages and peaks of the flight of the adults. No diapausing stage were detected
Growth performance of selected eucalypt hybrid clones for SRWC in central and southern Italy
No full textEucalypt short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) is becoming an attractive option for energy biomass in Mediterranean dry environments. The present study is aimed at assessing growth performance of selected eucalypt hybrid clones for SRWC in three Italian sites (Massama, Sardinia; Mirto, Calabria; Rome, Latium) compared with Eucalyptus camaldulensis, the most commonly cultivated eucalypt species in Italy. The study identifi ed eucalypt clones with stable and high performance between several alternatives. Results pointed out the declining growth performance observed in the second rotation compared with the fi rst cycle. This is due to the cultivation model, age rotation and harvesting method adopted, which negatively affect the available soil nutrients’ content. The clone/site interaction as for basal area growth at the three investigated sites, suggests a signifi cantly different clones’ performance among sites. Viglio and Velino clones showed the best overall performance and are suggested to be used over the large scale SRWC in central and southern Italy
Clonal variation in growth, arsenic and heavy metal uptakes of hybrid Eucalyptus clones in a Mediterranean environment
No full textSpatial niche competition among helminth parasites in horse's large intestine
No full textThe spatial distribution of large intestinal helminth parasites of 50 horses was studied. Both adult stages and mucosal larval stages were examined and counted in the ventral colon, dorsal colon and caecum. Thirty-three species of adult parasites were identified and their distribution in the three large intestinal tracts reported, together with the localization of encysted larvae and of empty mucosal cysts. In order to highlight interspecific interactions, both Spearman pairwise correlation (among all parasites) and multivariable negative binomial regression (among the most abundant parasites) was performed. Interactions among parasite species are very important from the ecological and parasitological point of view as they can modulate the abundance and the spatial distribution of parasites as well as the composition of the infracommunity.The main results were the following: the selection of preferred sites in horse large intestinal helminths has been confirmed; all statistical significant pairwise correlation coefficients (359 out of 666) were positive; the build up of multivariable regression models brought to light both negative and positive interactions; the most interesting competitive interactions have been observed between the most abundant and relatively large strongyle species: Strongylus edentatus and S. vulgaris in the caecum and ventral colon. When S. edentatus is in the caecum, the favourite site of S. vulgaris, this latter one decreases especially in the caecum. On the other hand, when S. edentatus is in the ventral colon, his favourite site, there is no negative relationship with S. vulgaris in the ventral colon and the positive correlation observed with bivariate analysis is mantained. The common belief that the large intestinal horse parasite community is isolationist, due to the absence of negative pairwise interaction, is threfore contradicted by the present study
Assessing the influence of summer organic fertilization combined with nitrogen inhibitor on a short rotation woody crop in Mediterranean environment
No full textThe European Union Directive 91/676/EEC, known as Nitrates Directive, has dictated basic agronomic principles regarding the use of animal manure source as well as livestock and waste waters from small food companies. The use of nitrification inhibitors togetherwithanimaleffluentsasorganicfertilizerscouldbebeneficialfornutrientrecycling,plantproductivity,andgreenhousegas emission and could offer economic advantages as alternative to conventional fertilizers especially in the Mediterranean region. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in plant productivity between bovine effluent treatments with (or without) additionofanitrificationinhibitor(3,4DMPP)inashortrotationwoodycropsystem.Resultsofthefieldexperimentcarriedoutin a Mediterranean dry environment indicated that the proposed strategy could improve tree growth with indirect, beneficial effects for agroforestry systems
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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