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African migration to Chad: diversity of ethnic groups as one of the motives for the choice of migrants
No full textThe mobility of the population of the African continent is not a new phenomenon. Intra-African migration has a close relationship with mobility, as every migrant dreams of better social, economic, and political conditions. In this article, the author touches on the topic of the diversity of ethnic groups and languages as one of the motives for migrants to choose the Republic of Chad. Chad is a link between the Maghreb and Black Africa, and a crossroads of trans-Saharan caravans and a cradle of nomadic civilizations. Today, emigration and immigration movements between Chad, Libya, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria constitute a basis of migratory dynamics. Chad is the first country to admit asylum seekers in Africa with a high number of refugees and asylum seekers which represents more than 3% of the Chadian population. The Republic of Chad was also an important stop on the pilgrimage route. There were many Muslims of African descent who made their way to the pilgrimage through Chad. Historical movements between the Republic of Chad and its neighboring countries provide an understanding of today's movements. These movements constitute the basis of the migratory dynamic of the Republic of Chad. The fact that we find shared communities on both sides of the border allows us to say that these particularly important cross-border exchanges are worth studying. Also, Chad alone has around 474,000 refugees and asylum seekers. Even if over the past two years the measures taken to fight the spread of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) have slowed down the migration movement, the Republic of Chad now ranks among the top 10 countries of asylum in the world.Исторические перемещения между Чадом и соседними странами дают представление о сегодняшних перемещениях, которые составляют основу миграционной динамики в Чаде. Тот факт, что мы находим общие сообщества по обе стороны границы, позволяет нам сказать, что эти важные трансграничные обмены заслуживают изучения. Кроме того, только в Чаде находятся около 474 000 беженцев и просителей убежища. Даже если за последние два года меры, принятые для борьбы с распространением коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), замедлили миграционное движение, Чад сейчас входит в топ-10 стран-убежищ в мире. Автор затрагивает тему разнообразия этнических групп и языков как один из мотивов выбора мигрантами Республики Чад
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Security Challenges and Migration in the Central Africa
No full textRelevance. In modern society, migration issues are closely related to security. The dynamics of the migration crisis in the context of Central African countries reflects civil wars, political and economic instability, hunger, massacres, impoverishment, and in addition to these, the phenomenon of terrorist threats has appeared. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to highlight situations with internal migration, aspects of the geopolitics of insecurity, threats, and security restrictions. The authors also analyze the link between security and migration. Objectives. Obtain more information on the properties of the compared phenomena and examine the direct and indirect relationship between migration and security in Central Africa. Methodology. To find out the reasons for the existing difficulties, set goals, develop methods and options for eliminating problems, a system analysis was used. And the authors used the method of comparative analysis to obtain added information about the properties of the compared phenomena, about their direct and indirect relationships and, about the general trend of their functioning and development. Results. According to researchers, in recent years, the relationship between migration and security has been of different nature. We can consider the problem of the security of African communities, societies and states affected by various problems of migration flows, and we can also consider the security aspect of African migrants in Central African countries. Conclusions. The African continent has now fully entered economic globalization and the international community, and it would be inevitable to question this statement in the name of preserving political, economic difficulties, security, migration, and refugees. The AU is in fact moving towards greater liberalization of intra-African movement, in a critical spirit of the European approach. The increasingly growing intra-African migratory movements are mainly and very often regional.Актуальность. В современном обществе вопросы миграции тесно связаны с безопасностью. Динамика миграционного кризиса в контексте стран Центральной Африки отражает гражданские войны, политическую и экономическую нестабильность, голод, массовые убийства, обнищание, в дополнение к этому возник феномен террористических угроз. Цель этой статьи - осветить ситуацию с внутренней миграцией, аспекты геополитики незащищенности, угрозы и ограничения безопасности. Авторы также анализируют связь между безопасностью и миграцией. Задачи: получить дополнительную информацию о свойствах сравниваемых явлений и изучить прямую и косвенную связь между миграцией и безопасностью в Центральной Африке. Методология. Для выяснения причин имеющихся трудностей, постановки целей, разработки методов и вариантов устранения проблем был использован системный анализ. Также авторы использовали метод сравнительного анализа, чтобы получить дополнительную информацию о свойствах сравниваемых явлений, об их прямых и косвенных отношениях, и также об общей тенденции их функционирования и развития. Результаты. По мнению исследователей, за последние годы связь между миграцией и безопасностью имеет разные характеры. Авторы рассматривают проблему безопасности африканских общностей, обществ и государств, затрагиваемых разными проблемами миграционных потоков, также аспект безопасности африканских мигрантов в странах Центральной Африки. Выводы. Африканский континент теперь полностью вступил в экономическую глобализацию и международное сообщество, и было бы неизбежно подвергнуть сомнению это заявление во имя сохранения политических, экономических трудностей, безопасности, миграции и беженцев. Фактически, АС движется к большей либерализации внутриафриканского движения в критическом духе европейского подхода. Все более растущие внутриафриканские миграционные потоки носят в основном и очень часто региональный характер
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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