1,721,016 research outputs found
Spatial learning from maps and navigation: the role of age and visuo-spatial factors
Get PDFThe general aims of this dissertation project were to analyze mental spatial representations derived from common spatial learning inputs, such as a map and/or navigation, in relation to the role of age and of individual visuo-spatial factors.
In particular, this dissertation project analyzed the features of mental spatial representations:
i) after learning an environment from a map; recall was tested with map drawing, sketch map, and pointing tasks, in young, young-old and old-old participants (Study 1);
ii) after direct navigation in an environment; recall was tested using route repetition, map drawing, and pointing tasks, in young and young-old participants (Study 2);
iii) after learning from a map and a video; recall was tested using route repetition, sketch map drawing, and pointing tasks, in participants of all ages across the adult lifespan (Study 3);
and also examined the contribution of visuo-spatial working memory and visuo-spatial (rotation and perspective-taking) abilities.
In all three studies, participants took part in two sessions. In the first, they performed a visuo-spatial working memory task, a task measuring their rotation ability, and a perspective-taking task. In the second session, they learned an environment from a map and/or navigation, then completed a series of recall tasks.
Concerning the role of age, the results of all three studies indicated that young people produce more efficient mental spatial representations than older people, and that the quality of these representations is also influenced by the type of learning input and by the type of task used to assess their recall.
As for the role of individual visuo-spatial factors, the three studies highlighted their relevance in supporting mental spatial representations.
Overall, the present dissertation project sheds light on people’s mental spatial representations and how they change with aging, confirming that spatial learning is a complex matter. External factors, such as the learning format used and the recall tasks administered, and internal factors such as age and individual visuo-spatial factors, combine together to influence mental spatial representation processes and how they change over time
EFFETTI DELLO STATUS DEL VOLTO-STIMOLO SULL'ORIENTAMENTO DELL'ATTENZIONE MEDIATO DALLO SGUARDO
No full textBen-essere nell'arco di vita
No full textA partire dagli anni ’80, con l’emergere della psicologia positiva, l’interesse dei ricercatori non si focalizza più esclusivamente sulle condizioni di disagio e sofferenza, ma sulle caratteristiche che possono favorire il ben-essere psicologico. Nonostante manchi tutt’ora una definizione univoca del costrutto, appare chiaro che esso è prettamente soggettivo e che è possibile mantenerne buoni livelli anche in condizioni di difficoltà, o in una fase di vita che può essere contrassegnata da perdite, quale l’invecchiamento. Numerose evidenze mostrano, infatti, una relativa stabilità, se non un aumento, dei livelli di ben-essere psicologico in tale fase di vita, fenomeno noto come “paradosso del ben-essere nell’invecchiamento”. Non mancano, però risultati contrastanti, a seconda della metodologia di ricerca adottata e dalla scelta dei fattori considerati come componenti del ben-essere psicologico. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è osservare, in un campione dai 20 agli 89 anni, l’eventuale pattern di stabilità/miglioramento del ben-essere, valutato mediante il questionario Ben-SSC. Tale questionario, investiga tre componenti principali quali la soddisfazione personale, le strategie di coping e le competenze emotive. Congiuntamente è stato somministrato un questionario di Qualità di Vita (WHOQOL-breve). I risultati mostrano un aumento del ben-essere psicologico negli anziani e livelli meno alti per i giovani dai 20 ai 30 anni. Successivamente, attraverso analisi di regressione, vengono esaminati possibili predittori del ben-essere psicologico e delle tre sotto componenti suddette, considerando i quattro fattori del WHOQOL
Map learning in young and older adults: what is the effect to re-present the map in recall phase?
No full textGPS use and navigation ability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFGPS use pervades society; however, its effects on an individuals' navigation ability are not well understood. We reviewed and meta-analyzed the available evidence on the associations between GPS use and navigation ability, in terms of environmental knowledge, sense of direction and wayfinding. Based on the PRISMA guidelines and preregistration in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022378106), we searched the Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases. Out of 907 articles, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for our review. We assessed the risk of bias using Joanna Briggs’ tools. The narrative synthesis presented negative associations between GPS use and performance in environmental knowledge and self-reported sense of direction measures and a positive association with wayfinding. When considering quantitative data, results revealed a negative effect of GPS use on environmental knowledge (r = −.18 [95% CI: −.28, −.08]) and sense of direction (r = −.25 [95% CI: −.39, −.12]) and a positive yet not significant effect on wayfinding (r = .07 [95% CI: −.28, .41]). Current literature has several strengths but also methodological weaknesses that limit the quality of evidence, with 69% of the studies classified with a moderate to high risk of bias. Although evidence suggests that using GPS tools can have a negative impact on environmental knowledge and sense of direction but a limited effect on wayfinding, future studies should adopt standardized measurements and procedures to further confirm these results and delve more deeply into understanding how GPS could be used as an external aid to support navigation
Orientation behavior in men and women: The relationship between gender stereotype, growth mindset, and spatial self-efficacy
No full textPeople’s beliefs about their navigation ability could be important for their navigation performance. This
correlational study aimed to investigate how growth mindset, gender stereotype, and spatial self-efficacy are
related to orientation behaviors (use of GPS and exploration tendency). Moreover, we investigated gender differences in beliefs and orientation behaviors. A sample of 609 participants (329 women) completed self-reported
measures assessing their mindset, gender stereotype, spatial self-efficacy, sense of direction, and orientation
behaviors. The structural equation models show that a growth mindset and gender stereotype are related to
exploration tendency and GPS use through the mediation of spatial self-efficacy in both men and women.
Concerning gender stereotype a different pattern of correlation emerged in men and women. Moreover, significant differences in favor of men emerged in self-efficacy, sense of direction, and orientation behaviors. Overall,
these findings support the conviction that men and women’s beliefs about their spatial abilities are related to the
ways they behave in the environmen
Orientation Experiences and Navigation Aid Use: A Self-Report Lifespan Study on the Role of Age and Visuospatial Factors
Get PDFSpatial orientation is essential for daily life, but it deteriorates with aging. The present study was aimed at investigating age changes across the adult lifespan in the self-reported use of navigation aids and everyday orientation experiences, as well as investigating to what extent these are related to visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and self-reported wayfinding inclinations. A sample of 456 people aged 25–84 years rated how much they use navigation aids (maps, GPS, verbal directions), how much they went out, and how much they reached or lost their way to unfamiliar destinations (in 2016). Then, they performed the jigsaw puzzle test (VSWM) and questionnaires on sense of direction, pleasure in exploring, and spatial anxiety. The results showed that increasing age is related to a lower tendency to go out, fewer experiences of finding one’s way and getting lost, a lower level of GPS use, and increased verbal directions use. After age changes were accounted for, VSWM was related to aid use and orientation experiences (except for losing one’s way), wayfinding inclinations (especially spatial anxiety) to using a map, and orientation experiences. Overall, other than age, VSWM and one’s wayfinding attitudes can play a role–albeit it a modest one–in spatial behaviors
Emozioni, motivazioni e personalità nell’invecchiamento attivo
No full textVengono passate in rassegna ricerche volte a delineare i fattori emotivi,motivazionali e di personalità che promuovono l'invecchiamento attivo
Self-reported wayfinding inclinations: a factor analysis
No full textreservedLa presente tesi effettua un'analisi approfondita nei confronti di quelle che sono le inclinazioni riguardanti i compiti di orientamento auto-riportati, l'intento è osservare quanto essi incidano sui compiti stessi ed indagare quindi la loro struttura fattoriale per comprendere meglio quanto possano essere una struttura unitaria o se ogni fattore ha delle proprie specificità
Environment learning from navigation with emotionally laden descriptions of landmarks: a pilot study
Get PDFopenIn questa ricerca si vogliono approfondire gli effetti sulla memoria derivanti dalla manipolazione delle caratteristiche dei landmark incontrati lungo un percorso urbano in realtà virtuale, con particolare riferimento alla loro connotazione emotiva. Questo verrà fatto osservando la prestazione dei partecipanti in vari compiti di abilità spaziale.
Verranno descritte la memoria spaziale, la memoria emotiva e le loro reciproche interazioni. Verranno inoltre presentati gli studi di cognizione spaziale che si sono interessati alla connotazione emotiva dei landmark.
Si descriveranno le due fasi del progetto di ricerca: lo studio pilota e lo studio. Lo studio pilota aveva l’obiettivo di testare le valutazioni delle descrizioni da utilizzare per la creazione di un video di navigazione in realtà virtuale nello studio principale. Infine, saranno presentati i risultati e la discussione del solo studio pilota in quanto la ricerca è ancora in corso
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