312 research outputs found
The use of the laryngeal tube disposable by paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospectively observational study (2008-2012)
No full textThe Summary In the previous and the current guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), endotracheal intubation (ETI), as an instrument for ventilation during resuscitation, was confirmed as less important for paramedics not trained in this method. For those, during resuscitation, the laryngeal tube is recommended by the ERC as a supraglottic airway device. The present study investigated prospectively the use of the laryngeal tube disposable (LT-D) by paramedics in prehospital emergency cases. Methods During a 42-month period (Sept 2008-Feb 2012), we prospectively registered all prehospital cardiac arrest situations in which the LT-D had been applied by paramedics (from one emergency medical service in Germany). Results During the defined period, 133 attempts, recorded on standardised data sheets, were enrolled into the investigation. Three were excluded from the study because of use during a trauma situation. Therefore, 130 patients were evaluated in this study. For this, the LT-D was used in 98% of all cases during resuscitation, and in about 2% of other emergencies (eg, trauma). With regard to resuscitation, adequate ventilation/oxygenation was described as possible in 83% of all included cases. In 66% of all cases, no problems concerning the insertion of the LT-D were described by the paramedics. No significant problems were reported in 93%. In 7% (n=9 cases), no insertion of the LT-D was possible. Instead of bag-mask-valve ventilation, the LT-D was used as a first-line airway device in about 66%. Between the two defined groups, no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). Conclusions As an alternative airway device during resuscitation, recommended by the ERC in 2005 and 2010, the LT-D may enable ventilation rapidly and, as in most of our described cases, effectively. Additionally, by using the LT-D in a case of cardiac arrest, a reduced 'hands-off time' and, therefore, a high chest compression rate may be possible. Our investigation showed that the LT-D was often used as an alternative to bag-mask-ventilation and to ETI as well. However, we were able to describe more problems in the use of the LT-D than earlier investigations. Therefore, in future, more studies concerning the use of alternative airway devices in comparison with ETI and/or video-laryngoscopy seem to be necessary
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
Abundance and biodiversity of soil microarthropods as influenced by different types of organic manure in a long-term field experiment in Central Spain
No full text8 pages, figures, and tables statistics.We studied the effects of long-term organic and mineral fertilization on soil microarthropods and soil chemical parameters in a
field experiment under semi-arid conditions in Central Spain. Two different regimes of organic manuring, i.e. farmyard manure
applied once in 3 years versus annual manuring with crop residues were compared. Soil carbon and nitrogen contents were
increased markedly by farmyard manure, whereas straw and green manure had no significant effect. In contrast, the abundance of
soil microarthropods was increased by annual application of straw and green manure, but not by farmyard manure last applied 2.5
years before sampling.We conclude that in the field experiment under study the abundance of soil microarthropods was influenced
by the immediate food supply rather than by soil chemical parameters, such as carbon and nitrogen content or the pH. Biodiversity
of soil microarthropods, as estimated by the Shannon index, was not affected significantly by straw and green manure. Obviously,
other management practices, especially tillage, are limiting the species composition of soil microarthropods and thereby
overshadow possible effects of fertilization on diversity.We are grateful to Dr. Elke Schulz (Centre for
Environmental Research, Leipzig-Halle) for doing the
soil chemical analysis and to the staff of ‘‘La Higueruela’’
experimental station for supporting us during our field
work. The first author was supported by the German
Academic Exchange Service (code D/01/02687).Peer reviewe
Supporting data set for: Simulations of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Shape-Selected Nanoparticle Catalysts
No full textThis dataset contains input and output files for simulations of the oxidation of a set of shape-selected, 3 nm platinum nanoparticles associated with the manuscript found at https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07605.
The simulations are performed using a grand-canonical Monte-Carlo algorithm[1,2] in combination with the ReaxFF reactive force field method as implemented in the Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) software package version 2017.106 by Software for Chemistry and Materials (SCM). The Pt/O ReaxFF force field parameterized by Fantauzzi et al. was used for the simulations.[3] Simulations were performed at oxygen chemical potential conditions corresponding to 200-1000 K at ultra-high vacuum (UHV, pO2 = 10-10 mbar) and 400-1200 K at near-ambient pressure (NAP, pO2 = 1 mbar) conditions. The following nanoparticle shapes were used as input structures for the simulations: (111)-indexed octahedron, (100)-indexed cube, (110)-indexed dodecahedron, (111)- and (100)-indexed cuboctahedron, mixed-indexed sphere, and (730)-indexed tetrahexahedron.
The folder structure is as follows:
Particle shape -> pressure condition -> temperature condition -> simulation input and output files
The simulation input and output files are of the following filetypes:
control: Input parameters for the ReaxFF software.
control_MC: Input parameters for the GCMC subroutine that interacts with the ReaxFF software.
geo: Atomic input coordinates in BGF file format.
geo_MCXXXXXX: Atomic output coordinates in BGF file format and ReaxFF total energy result for GCMC step XXXXXX.
Simulations were performed for a total of 25,000 iterations. Only accepted GCMC steps result in the creation of a geo_XXXXXX output file. Therefore, the index XXXXXX is not continuous since output files are not written at every iteration. Other ReaxFF-specific output has been filtered in order to declutter the dataset.
[1] T. P. Senftle, R. J. Meyer, M. J. Janik, A. C. T. van Duin, J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 139, 044109.
[2] T. P. Senftle, M. J. Janik, A. C. T. van Duin, J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 4967–4981.
[3] D. Fantauzzi, J. Bandlow, L. Sabo, J. E. Mueller, A. C. T. van Duin, T. Jacob, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 23118–23133.This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the collaborative research center SFB-1316 as well as the priority program SPP-2080. The state of Baden-Württemberg is acknowledged through bwHCP and DFT through grant no INST 37/935-1 FUGG. The Volkswagen Group Wolfsburg is acknowledged for partial funding, as well as the Icelandic Research Fund. BK acknowledges the University of Iceland Research Fund for funding through a PhD fellowship
Molecular biology of hearing
No full textThe inner ear is our most sensitive sensory organ and can be subdivided into three functional units: organ of Corti, stria vascularis and spiral ganglion. The appropriate stimulus for the organ of hearing is sound, which travels through the external auditory canal to the middle ear where it is transmitted to the inner ear. The inner ear houses the hair cells, the sensory cells of hearing. The inner hair cells are capable of mechanotransduction, the transformation of mechanical force into an electrical signal, which is the basic principle of hearing. The stria vascularis generates the endocochlear potential and maintains the ionic homeostasis of the endolymph. The dendrites of the spiral ganglion form synaptic contacts with the hair cells. The spiral ganglion is composed of neurons that transmit the electrical signals from the cochlea to the central nervous system. In recent years there has been significant progress in research on the molecular basis of hearing. An increasing number of genes and proteins related to hearing are being identified and characterized. The growing knowledge of these genes contributes not only to greater appreciation of the mechanism of hearing but also to a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of hereditary hearing loss. This basic research is a prerequisite for the development of molecular diagnostics and novel therapies for hearing loss
Analysis of monocyte cell tractions in 2.5D reveals mesoscale mechanics of podosomes during substrate-indenting cell protrusion
No full textPodosomes are mechanosensitive protrusive actin structures that are prominent in myeloid cells, and they have been linked to vascular extravasation. Recent studies have suggested that podosomes are hierarchically organized and have coordinated dynamics on the cell scale, which implies that the local force generation by single podosomes can be different from their global combined action. Complementary to previous studies focusing on individual podosomes, here we investigated the cell-wide force generation of podosome-bearing ER-Hoxb8 monocytes. We found that the occurrence of focal tractions accompanied by a cell-wide substrate indentation cannot be explained by summing the forces of single podosomes. Instead, our findings suggest that superimposed contraction on the cell scale gives rise to a buckling mechanism that can explain the measured cell-scale indentation. Specifically, the actomyosin network contraction causes peripheral in-plane substrate tractions, while the accumulated internal stress results in out-of-plane deformation in the central cell region via a buckling instability, producing the cell-scale indentation. Hence, we propose that contraction of the actomyosin network, which connects the podosomes, leads to a substrate indentation that acts in addition to the protrusion forces of individual podosomes. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper
The E. coli Siderophores Enterobactin and Salmochelin Form Six-Coordinate Silicon Complexes at Physiological pH
No full textRemoval of Nitrogen Based Pollutants From the AmmoniaDrive Exhaust
No full textAs the shipping industry needs to become greener, it has to move away from fossil fuels. For deep-sea shipping, ammonia is marked as a high potential fuel. The AmmoniaDrive concept feeds the anode-off gas from a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and additional ammonia into an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). The exhaust gas coming from the ICE can contain relatively large amounts of NOx, NH3 and N2O. This research focuses on reducing all these substances using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in steady-state conditions. A 1-d single-channel model is used to model a Vanadium, Iron and Copper catalyst. The levels of pollutants entering the atmosphere are compared to the current legislation for ships, where NOx emissions are limited. Furthermore, new legislation is proposed that also limits the NH3 and N2O emissions of the powerplant. Meeting these limits is much more complicated than meeting the current legislation. The presence of N2O in the exhaust can be problematic as only the Fe catalyst can reduce N2O with temperatures above 350/400 degC. The Cu based SCR has the highest potential for AmmoniaDrive as it can meet the newly proposed limits with exhaust temperatures below 200 degC, this allows for an efficient driveline.Marine Technology | Marine Engineerin
Abstract 5239: Probing the cancer epigenome: empowering target validation by open innovation
No full textAbstract
Low reproducibility of published target validation studies as well as the frequent failure of genetic knock-down effects to phenocopy those of small molecule inhibitors have been recognized as road blocks for cancer drug discovery. Academic and industrial institutions have started to address these issues by providing access to high quality small molecular probes for novel targets of interest. Here we discuss probe discovery challenges and quality criteria based on the generation of three novel inhibitors for epigenetic targets.
ATAD2 (ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 2) is an epigenetic regulator that binds to chromatin through its bromodomain (BD). ATAD2 has been proposed to act as a co-factor for oncogenic transcription factors such as ERα and Myc. A more thorough validation of ATAD2 as a therapeutic target has been hampered by the lack of appropriate ATAD2 inhibitors. Here we disclose a structurally unprecedented series of ATAD2 BD inhibitors identified from a DNA-encoded library screen. Optimization delivered BAY-850, a highly potent and exceptionally selective ATAD2 BD inhibitor, which fully recapitulates effects seen by genetic mutagenesis studies in a cellular assay.
The three BD and PHD-finger (BRPF) family members are found in histone acetyltransferase complexes. Whereas bromodomain inhibitors with dual activity against BRPF1 and 2 have been described before, we now disclose BAY-299, the first nanomolar inhibitor of the BRPF2 BD with high selectivity against its paralogs. Isoform selectivity was confirmed in cellular protein-protein interaction assays and rationalized based on X-Ray structures.
BAY-598, a highly selective, cellularly active and orally bioavailable inhibitor of the protein lysine methyl transferase SMYD2, had been disclosed previously (Stresemann et al., AACR 2015). Development of BAY-598 allowed the identification of new methylation targets of SMYD2 as well as a proposed role of SMYD2 in pancreatic cancer.
These results support further development of small molecule inhibitors as research tools to probe the functional role of novel epigenetic targets and underscore the power of open innovation for advancing our understanding of cancer target biology.
Citation Format: Ingo V. Hartung, Cheryl Arrowsmith, Volker Badock, Naomi Barak, Markus Berger, Peter J. Brown, Clara D. Christ, Erik Eggert, Ursula Egner, Oleg Fedorov, Amaury E. Fernandez-Montalvan, Matyas Gorjanacz, Andrea Haegebarth, Bernard Haendler, Roman C. Hillig, Simon H. Holton, Kilian V. Huber, Seong J. Koo, Antonius ter Laak, Susanne Mueller, Anke Mueller-Fahrnow, Cora Scholten, Stephan Siegel, Timo Stellfeld, Detlef Stoeckigt, Carlo Stresemann, Masoud Vedadi, Joerg Weiske, Hilmar Weinmann. Probing the cancer epigenome: empowering target validation by open innovation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5239. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5239</jats:p
Efficacy of Hemostatic Agents in Humans With Rotational Thromboelastometry: Anin-vitroStudy
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