196,224 research outputs found
Diabetes, obesity and exercise in skeletal muscle : effects on gene expression and DNA methylation
No full textType 2 diabetes, obesity and depression are growing concerns for human health. Physical exercise is a known protective factor against these disorders, although the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The studies in this thesis aim to increase the understanding of mechanisms controlling gene expression and DNA methylation in the context of type 2 diabetes, obesity and exercise.TWIST1 and TWIST2 proteins play an important role in embryonic muscle development, inflammation and tumor metabolism. We demonstrated that Twist1 or Twist2 overexpression in mature skeletal muscle favors glycolysis and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Gene expression of TWIST1 and TWIST2 is unaltered by obesity, type 2 diabetes or exercise training.Decreased circulating kynurenine levels are associated with resistance to depression. Kynurenine is transformed into kynurenic acid by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs). Exercise training and PGC1α induce expression of KATs in skeletal muscle. We report that a single bout of exercise acutely decreased plasma kynurenine, while concomitantly increasing kynurenic acid in both type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. Exercise-induced changes in kynurenine metabolism were independent of mRNA expression of the KATs. Kynurenine levels correlated with body mass index, suggesting kynurenine metabolism may link obesity and depression.Exercise and diet affect skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and DNA methylation. Using genome-wide approaches, we unraveled the effect of exercise on the skeletal muscle methylome. Training and high-fat diet, but not in vitro contraction, lead to epigenetic changes in the promoter of Sprouty RTK Signaling Antagonist 1 (Spry1), a gene involved in muscle stem cell quiescence. We found DNA methylation of Spry1 increased binding of nuclear proteins to the promoter.Insulin is a metabolic and growth promoting hormone. Using genome-wide approaches, we unraveled the effect of insulin on the skeletal muscle methylome. We observed that insulin treatment of skeletal muscle in vitro increased DNA methylation of the death-associated protein Kinase 3 (DAPK3). Conversely, DAPK3 DNA methylation was reduced in type 2 diabetic subjects compared to controls. A glucose challenge further decreased DAPK3 methylation suggesting that additional factors in the systemic milieu may affect DAPK3 DNA methylation.Collectively, our results indicate that TWIST proteins affect skeletal muscle metabolism and inflammation. We provide a potential mechanism for the anti-depressive effects of exercise and shed new light on the complex interplay between metabolic conditions, skeletal muscle and DNA methylation. We provide a new insight in the protective effect of exercise or the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and obesity, opening opportunities for improvements in the management and treatment of metabolic diseases.List of scientific papersI. Mudry JM, Massart J, Szekeres FL, Krook A. TWIST1 and TWIST2 regulate glycogen storage and inflammatory genes in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol. 2015 Mar; 224(3):303-13. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0474 II. Mudry JM, Alm PS, Erhardt S, Goiny M, Fritz T, Caidahl K, Zierath JR, Krook A, Wallberg-Henriksson H. Direct effects of exercise on kynurenine metabolism in people with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016 Mar 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2798 III. Mudry JM, Kirchner H, Chibalin AV, Krook A and Zierath JR. Changes in skeletal muscle DNA methylation in rats following endurance training and high-fat diet. [Manuscript]IV. Mudry JM, Lassiter DG, Nylén C, García-Calzón S, Näslund E, Krook A, Zierath JR. Insulin and glucose alter death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) DNA methylation in human skeletal muscle. [Manuscript]</p
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Imūnprofilakse veselības aprūpē: cilvēktiesību konteksts
No full textProfessor Vitaliy M. Pashkov has addressed the topic of immunoprophylaxis in health care via the context of human rights. The author analyses every human’s rights to refuse any medical service, including immunisation, as well as the rights of a person to receive health care in connection with the prevention of infectious diseases. The raised issue deems topical and binding.Profesors Vitālijs Paškovs (Vitaliy M. Pashkov) ir pievērsies imūnprofilakses jautājumiem veselības aprūpēs jomā, skatot to cilvēktiesību kontekstā. Autors detalizēti analizē cilvēka tiesības atteikties no medicīniskiem pakalpojumiem, tostarp vakcinācijas, kā arī cilvēku tiesības uz veselības aprūpi saistībā ar infekcijas slimību profilaksi. Tēma un raksta saturs ir aktuāls un saistošs
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Rapport I.10 Modélisation et analyse stationnaires et instationnaires bidimensionnelles de l’écoulement dans des pompes radiales
No full textThe object of the here presented work is to study the effects of the geometrical and functionning parameters in a centrifugal, pump for nominal rate, and to modelise its unstationnary behaviour. We use a two-dimensionnal model and an aerodynamic type approach, with an inviscid fluid computation, eventually coupled with a boundary layer computation.
We have successively studied, an isolated rotor, in the stationnary and unstationnary cases. In the stationnary case, the computation has been coupled with a boudary layer code. In the unstationnary case, we have next included the rotor in a circuit, to compute the unstationnary functioning of a complete installation including a pump.
We have at last nodelised a whole pump, (rotor, stator and volute) using a quasi-stationnary model, which allows to take in account the interactions betwween these elements.L'objectif des travaux présentés ici est d'étudier les effets des paramètres géométriques et de fonctionnement dans une pompe au régime nominal, et de modéliser les transitoires. Le modèle mis en oeuvre est un modèle bidimensionnel et l'approche utilisée, de type aérodynamique, faisant intervenir un calcul de fluide parfait éventuellement complété par un couplage avec un calcul de couche limite. On a ainsi successivement abordé l'étude d'un rouet isolé dans les cas stationnaires et instationnaires ; le modèle instationnaire dans lequel on a libéré les lois de débit et de vitesse, a été inclus dans un circuit afin d'aborder les fonctionnements transitoires et périodiquement variables d'une installation complète. On a enfin modélisé un étage complet de pompe (roue, diffuseur, volute) à l'aide d'un modèle quasi-stationnaire, ce qui permet de mettre en évidence les interactions entre ces éléments.Devinant Philippe, Bouët Thierry, Mudry M. Rapport I.10 Modélisation et analyse stationnaires et instationnaires bidimensionnelles de l’écoulement dans des pompes radiales. In: Machines hydrauliques. Conception et exploitation. Développements récents et Applications aux différents secteurs industriels. Vingtièmes journées de l'hydraulique. Lyon, 4-6 avril 1989. Tome 1, 1989
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
Comportement particulier lors des montées de crues dans les aquifères karstiques, mise en évidence d’une double fracturation et/ou de circulation profonde: Exemple de la fontaine de Vaucluse.
No full textStudy of springs and karst aquifers by monitoring and geochemical analysis
No full textA series of springs located in southern Piedmont (Northern Italy) fed by carbonate aquifers with extremely different
hydrogeological characteristics, have been monitored continuously for their flowrate, temperature and electric conductivity.
The acquired data have been confronted in order to evidence the different hydrodynamic and hydrochemical responses of
these aquifers to infiltration inputs. The spring hydrographs can be distinguished in three different types:
• Replacement, characterised by very fast increases in flowrate and a lowering of mineralisation values; this behavior is
typical of highly karstified aquifers without a traditional phreatic zone (dominant conduit system);
• Piston flow, with fast variations of flowrate accompanied by both mineralisation and temperature increases, evidencing
the arrival at the spring of waters that resided in the phreatic zone of a quite well developed karstic aquifer. In this situation
evident decreases in electric conductivity related to the arrival of freshly infiltrated water are not registered (interconnected
conduit system);
• Homogenization, characterised by very subdued and delayed increases in flowrate, accompanied by moderate variations
of geochemical parameters, typical of a fractured aquifer (dispersed circulation system)
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