1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Exploring ecosystem functioning, service provision and management options on grazed semi-arid rangelands and climate change
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D. Agriculture (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019Global environmental change is increasingly recognised as a concern particularly in dry
rangelands where livelihoods rely heavily on ecosystem services from climate sensitive
agriculture. Current models predict rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation with
high variability, and increasing frequencies of droughts in these ecosystems. For African
rangelands, livestock numbers are also expected to increase in response to increasing
human population. These changes, in combination, are expected to impact negatively on
ecosystem function and service provision with devastating effects particularly in Africa
due to the high rural populations that have a low adaptive capacity. Thus it is critical to
advance ecological understanding of these systems’ response and resistance to the
effects of drought and grazing.
Motivated by both the current condition and predicted changes in local rangelands,
the overall aim of this study was to explore ecosystem function and service provision in
grazed semi-arid rangelands and ultimately suggest viable management options and
adaptation strategies. Four questions were asked in this regard; 1) Do existing drought
and grazing literature adequately address predicted future climate change scenarios
particularly in the context of southern African rangelands? 2) How can the knowledge
gaps in drought and grazing (combined) studies be overcome in these ecosystems? 3)
How does ranch-scale grazing management influence herbaceous and woody vegetation
dynamics? and 4) How does herbivore impact and recovery periods influence rangeland
dynamics in climatically variable semi-arid ecosystems?
In order to answer the above questions, this study carried out a critical review of
drought and grazing literature to evaluate the relevance of conventional grazing research
in the wake of global environmental change. The study also established a large-scale
experiment that combines precipitation manipulations with cattle grazing and possible
management options in the rangelands of Limpopo Province – South Africa to
complement plot-scale clipping and ranch-scale grazing case studies conducted in semi
arid rangelands of southwestern Botswana. The review revealed that grazing-related
research is well documented in Africa, although it lacks certain levels of realism in terms
of scales (temporal and spatial), study designs (e.g. common garden vs in situ
manipulations) and the nature of treatments (i.e. clipping vs grazing), whereas relevant
drought (and / or grazing) research is lacking. Furthermore, from the review, it was
demonstrated that dry rangelands are complex ecosystems that require multifactorial
standardized experimental approaches to study individual and interactive effects of
several ecosystem drivers simultaneously.
The study also established a novel experimental approach that combines real
grazing with extreme drought (according to the standardized precipitation index specific
to the area) and found that optimal vegetation performance in previously undegraded
veld, should be obtained by growing-season resting for durations not exceeding one
season, even under extreme drought conditions, to avoid an accumulation of standing
dead material that inhibits new growth. From ranch-scale case studies of grazing
management, the results demonstrated that rangeland health (as measured by cover of
palatable perennial grasses) in degraded areas (i.e. areas with increased woody
vegetation cover and less herbage) may not be achieved by destocking alone – as is
usually common practice, but through adaptive management at appropriate scales that
involve uniform grazing and adequate season-long grazing – an approach that may be achieved on rotationally grazed (RG) rather than continuously grazed (CG) systems.
Furthermore, the study found through clipping experiments that while broad-leaved
palatable perennial grasses such as Brachiaria nigropedata are able to overcompensate
under clipping, their productivity decreases with increasing previous season clipping
frequency – an example of lagged effects of grazing history, whereas less palatable
needle-leaved species such Stipagrostis uniplumis are less resistant to grazing. In
addition, the importance of mechanistic components of herbivory (defoliation, trampling
and nutrient deposition) in clipping experiments were highlighted where the interaction of
clipping, dung and trampling increased grass cover, contrary to the neutral response from
their individual effects.
In conclusion, this PhD has advanced scientific knowledge on grazed ecosystems
and how they may be impacted by predicted global environmental changes. The study
also has important implications for theory, management and policy particularly with
respect to drought mitigation and adaptation strategies. Suggestions are made for grazing
management as well as feeding strategies during and after drought years to help the veld
to recover. Thus, rangelands with a long evolutionary history of grazing, such as those in
southern African savannas, are expected to show some convergent responses to grazing
and extreme drought conditions, the strength and direction of which will be determined by
the underlying grazing management. The findings of this thesis may be applied to
alleviate problems of grazing-related degradation in semi-arid rangelands of Limpopo and
elsewhere, and also to develop adaptation strategies for predicted future global change
challenges.Smithsonian Conservation Biology
Institute, University of Botswana, The South African NRF-ACCESS DST and German
government BMB
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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