1,720,979 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Studies on CO2 Sequestration by Microalgae.
No full textMicroalgae have been identified with potential for CO2 sequestration and simultaneous bioenergy production. Vast biodiversity, higher growth rate and simple nutritional requirements with wide environmental adaptations make them an ideal feedstock for industrial production of valuable products. In this context, evaluation of various culture parameters to improve algal biomass yield, lipid quality and lipid extraction conditions towards bioenergy production is necessary.
An indigenous Scenedesmus sp. was selected for the study due to its higher specific growth rate and biomass productivity. Cultivation parameters such as pH, nitrogen source, nitrogen concentration, light intensity, CO2 supplementation, external bicarbonate supplementation, organic carbon supplementation were individually optimized for maximizing biomass and lipid yield. The lipid quality was evaluated by fatty acid profiling of lipid extracts by gas chromatography technique. The mechanism and ability of the microalgal strain to utilize CO2 under open outdoor conditions were evaluated in raceway ponds. In addition, various methods of lipid extraction and biomass pre-treatments like ultrasonication, homogenization, steam pre-treatment were evaluated to maximize lipid yield directly from wet algal biomass.
Scenedesmus sp. could tolerate up to 15% CO2 v/v and maximum growth was observed when CO2 was supplemented through an infusion system in low density polyethylene photo bioreactor compared to direct aeration in bubble column reactor. The strain showed maximum growth between pH 9 - 11. Highest growth was observed when cultivated with nitrate as nitrogen source (~ 1gL-1 biomass yield) compared to urea and ammonium salts. It was observed that with increase in nitrate levels the biomass yield increased and lipid content decreased. The strain could tolerate up to 40mM external bicarbonate supplementation with maximum growth at 15mM. The strain had the ability to grow under mixotrophic conditions i.e., organic carbon supplementation (glucose and glycerol) up to 0.2 M. The biomass yield increased by three fold (2.1 gL-1) compared to autotrophy (~ 0.7gL-1). The strain had an average lipid content of 15% w/w biomass with palmitic (C-16:0), oleic (C-18:1) and alpha linolenic acid (C-18:3) as major fatty acids. An increase in oleic acid levels was observed under nutrient deprived and high light intensity growth conditions. The fatty acid yield increased under mixotrophic and CO2 supplemented conditions compared to control cultures indicating the role of these parameters in lipid metabolism. Among the various pre-treatment conditions homogenization and steam (autoclave) treatments improved lipid recovery directly from wet algal biomass.
The study suggested that Scenedesmus sp. has the ability to grow under open conditions and fix the external CO2 with increased biomass yield. Further the increase in lipid yield under CO2 supplemented conditions suggest that the strain has dual benefit of both CO2 mitigation and simultaneous lipid production. Accumulation of oleic acid in the biomass makes the lipid substrate ideal for biofuel production since presence of monounsaturated fatty acid improve the fuel properties. Evaluation of pre-treatment conditions suggest that particle size reduction of algal biomass improve the lipid yield by twofold and homogenization/steam pre-treatment of wet biomass recovered lipid yield up to 17% w/w (1.5 fold) compared to control suggesting that lipids can be extracted directly from wet biomass avoiding the energy intensive drying process
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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