1,720,955 research outputs found
"We faced Mabvuto": a gendered socio-economic history of Malawian women's migration and survival in Harare, 1940-1980.
No full textUniversity of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. October 2011. Major: History. Advisors:Allen F. Isaacman, Helena Pohlandt McCormick. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 275 pages, appendices p. 269-275.The dissertation examines Malawian women's migration from their natal homes to the colonial capital of Zimbabwe, Harare between 1940 and 1980. It stresses that though colonial states in the two territories instituted policies designed to limit or deny women access into the migrant stream, women challenged such policies. Especially from the 1940s, the government instituted a male oriented migrant system which spurred the most massive rural exodus from Malawi, draining rural areas of the able bodied male laborers. It also caused serious family disintegration leading to the escalation of women's vulnerabilities, forcing many to flee the villages against state efforts to limit their mobility. They entered and settled in Zimbabwe's capital, although the colonial government sought to deny them access and primarily preferred male workers.Even so, women faced serious hardships en-route and also in Harare due to brutal police inspections, arrests and repatriations.The had very limited, if any formal employment opportunities, and had to establish economic ventures such as urban farming, beer brewing and usury to supplement their husbands' meager wages and survive as families. In varied ways they coped with, fought against and resisted the male biased system in both Malawi and Zimbabwe. In the process, the women who migrated from a wide diversity of ethnic groups renegotiated their identities in Harare, constituting national oriented welfare and burial associations to cope with urban life.By the 1970s, they had also drawn from events in Malawi where African nationalism triumphed with the rise of Kamuzu Banda. Adopting the concepts of umodzi/ unity and dziko/ nation which became central in national identity formation in Malawi, migrant women redefined themselves as Malawian , even as they remained migrants in Harare, where they illegally settled and transformed the social and economic landscape.Mudeka, Ireen. (2011). "We faced Mabvuto": a gendered socio-economic history of Malawian women's migration and survival in Harare, 1940-1980.. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/117860
“We faced Mabvutoâ€: the state, African authorities and Nyasa women experiences of migration to Rhodesia, 1935 -1960s.
No full textHistorians have primarily presented the history of African colonial migration as an exclusively male labor experience. Pioneering scholarship, which interrogated this male bias, mostly emphasized women’s internal on women’s cross border migration is gaining ground, focus remains contemporary. This article redirects attention by examining Nyasa Women’s migration to Southern Rhodesia, and argues that African women’s cross territorial mobility has roots going deep into the colonial era. The study begins in the 1930s, when the effects of migration to Zimbabwe first raised concern and ends in the mid 1960s, with the end of colonial rule in Nyasaland. In this era, women’s
migration became particularly important in light of the official view of inter-colonial migration as a male terrain. Driven to migrate by socio-economic needs, the women confronted colonial and African authorities, whose economic interests and patriarchal perceptions justified efforts to deny them mobility. They thus fought against, resisted and subverted the system of control constituted by male officials, African household, village and chiefdom heads and ‘police-boys’
Feminism and the informal sector : Exploring ways to promote gender equity in Zimbabwe's informal economy
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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