1,721,004 research outputs found
Animal models of depression: olfactory lesions affect amygdala, subventricular zone, and aggression
No full textPsychiatric or depressed patients show alterations in both olfactory
projection areas and mucosa. In rodents, ablation of olfactory bulbs
causes a depression-like syndrome, useful to test antidepressant agents.
We studied in mice the behavioral symptoms and neuroanatomical
correlates after mucosal damage or ablation of the olfactory bulb. Our
results are based on a battery of tests exploiting anxious, aggressive,
and depressive behavior, on morphological and immunohistochemical
analysis. We found similar results in both sensory-damaged and
bulbectomized animals, with a behavioral dissociation concerning
different forms of aggression. These findings do not support a simple
downregulation of social interactions in damaged mice. The most
prominent modifications in the brains of sensory damaged and
bulbectomized mice are detected in the subventricular zone (SVZ),
the source area of neural stem cells, and in the content of cAMPdependent
protein kinase within the amygdala, suggesting a central
role of this structure in the functional modulation of behavior
Comparison of Rankine cycles for micro-chp generation based on inward flow radial turbine or scroll expander
No full textThis contribution aims to analyze micro-CHP units based on Rankine cycles. Two types of expander are considered: a small scale inward flow radial turbine and a volumetric scroll type expander. This latter, should allow to overcome the limitation imposed by a standard steam-turbine that arise when the required shaft-power is very low. Moreover, the scroll expander will also allow to easily treat wet steams, which must be avoided when considering a turbo-expander.
The final aim is to deduce which one of the two types of
expander is more suitable, with a specified target performance
and the availability of a certain hot source. In order to define
the thermodynamic expansion process, the analysis uses a onedimensional model of the radial turbine, previously developed
by the authors, and of an estimation of the scroll expander efficiency. Also, the analysis is carried out for different working
fluids, such as water, and two organic fluids, cyclohexane and
toluene.
Through the discussion of the results, for a specified set of constraints (e.g. expander inlet temperature, temperature of
condensation, expander geometrical parameters) it is possible
to deduce important indications on the most suitable expander
for a given cycle layout
Morphological and functional analysis of the effect of GAD-antibody positive sera on rat hippocampal neurons in culture
No full textExperimental Investigation of the Effects of Blowing Conditions and Mach number on the Unsteady Behavior of Coolant Ejection through a Trailing Edge Cutback
No full text
Regional variations in the localization of insoluble kinase A regulatory isoforms during rodent brain development
No full textIn eukaryothes, the second messenger cAMP regulates many cellular functions by binding to the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinases, and releasing the catalytic subunits. In the mammalian brain all four regulatory isoforms (RIalpha and beta, RIIalpha and beta) are present. Apparently, they are simple inhibitors of the catalytic subunits. It is still unclear why four isoforms are needed, but possibly they can target kinase activity at precise intracellular locations. Therefore, we examined the distribution of the insoluble regulatory isoforms in rat and mouse brains during prenatal (from embryonic day 8) and postnatal development up to senescence (13 months), via immunohistochemistry. RIIalpha labelling is always restricted to the ventricular ependyma. Punctated RIIbeta labelling is observed in the embryo from early stages of development, and is mainly localized in the cortical plate. After birth, punctate RIIbeta labelling is present throughout almost the whole brain, often observed in proximity of neurofilaments. It shows different characteristics and relationships to the other isoforms: for example in the CA1 hippocampal field, RIIbeta is substituted by RIalpha 2 weeks after birth, while in CA2 it persists for life. In other regions, as in the reticular formation, RIIbeta and RIalpha aggregates are found in the same cell, although clearly segregated. The different regulatory isoforms show distinct patterns of distribution that change consistently during development. A careful characterization of second messenger systems may be as useful as the study of neurotransmitters to understand neuronal properties and their modifications during development, so as to relate biochemical to functional properties
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