1,720,960 research outputs found
Assessment of bias in national growth monitoring data: a case study in Zimbabwe
No full textThis study assesses the extent to which children under five years of age attending a growth-monitoring program are representative of the population as a whole. Bias in the prevalence of underweight estimated through growth monitoring is assessed by comparing data from the program with prevalence estimates from the community based Demographic and Health Surveys of 1988 and1994. Geographic patterns of attendance at growth monitoring are also examined through a comparison with census data, and trends in growth-monitoring data are also assessed. Provincial and national estimates of the prevalence of underweight from the two sources were not significantly different in 1988, but significant differences in prevalence estimates were identified in 1994. This suggests that growth-monitoring attendees were less representative of the general population in 1994 than at the start of the study period. The methodology used is transferable elsewhere, since the same data sets exist for many other African countrie
Seasonal aspects of weight-for-age in young children in Zimbabwe
No full textObjective: To identify the season with the highest prevalence of underweight among
young children and to examine geographical variation in seasonality of underweight.
Design: This analysis is based on monthly data from a clinic-based growth
monitoring programme that forms part of the National Health Information System.
A regression-based technique is used to identify seasonal patterns in both
underweight prevalence and attendance nationally and in 60 different districts.
Setting: The analysis covers the period 1988±1995 and is based in Zimbabwe.
Subjects: The analysis is based on weight-for-age measurements of Zimbabwean
children less than 5 years old, who attended health centres as part of a growth
monitoring programme.
Results: Nationally, a small but significant increase in levels of underweight takes
place during January±March. Participation in growth monitoring also varies
seasonally and could account for the increase observed. No evidence of seasonal
variation in underweight prevalence is found in the majority of districts studied,
although 11 of the districts showed a similar pattern to the national data set. This
peak in the incidence of poor nutritional status also coincides with the period of food
scarcity before harvest, which is also associated with higher prevalence of diarrhoea
and malaria. No differences in seasonality of under-nutrition were found between
districts with predominantly subsistence agriculture and those with more commercial
forms of agriculture.
Conclusions: Seasonal variation in child weight-for-age exists in some parts of
Zimbabwe, but its effects on cross-sectional prevalence studies are likely to be small.
There are no readily discernible differences between areas that show evidence of
seasonality in levels of underweight and those that do not
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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