1,720,958 research outputs found
Spouse Communication and Attitudes towards Contraceptive use among Married Women in Morogoro Municipality
No full textThis study was conducted with the purpose of determining whether spouses communicate on matters related to reproduction in the study area and tried to find out whether there is any correlation with contraceptive behaviour. The study was conducted to a sample of 135 randomly selected married women aged between 15-49 years from Morogoro Municipality. It was found out from this study that, majority of respondents do have positive attitudes towards spouse communication on reproductive matters though in actual sense the number of those who actually communicate is low. Contraceptive use was found to be high among respondents with high and neutral attitude towards spouse communication and the same pattern was observed to those who reported to communicate with their spouse. Surprisingly, respondents with low levels of communication had also high current contraceptive use indicating that they use contraceptive covertly. The study recommends that, it is important that policy makers should emphasize on the strategies that encourage discussion between husband and wife about family planning. Furthermore, more effort should be made to make sure that continuation rate is also high as the current use and intention to use contraceptives is high in the study are
Students Access to Information Communication Technologies in Open and Distance Learning mode in Tanzania: A case of The Open University of Tanzania
No full textThe success of open and distance learning programmes relies heavily on having an efficient and reliable delivery channel to reach out students. The utilization of Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a tool to deliver services to the students provides efficient and reliable delivery channel which is also cost effective. A study was undertaken to assess the utilization of ICT facilities existing in the Open University of Tanzania (OUT). A sample of 97 from The University of Tanzania at Dar es Salaam, Mbeya and Arusha regional centers were interviewed. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design by using open and closed ended questionnaires and focus group discussion (FGD). Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The study found out that a number of admitted students who access computers at OUT computer labs is very small, and those who do visit the labs at most visit it once a week. Internet access was also found to be a problem. Majority ranked Yahoo their favourite wesite, followed by OUT website, and Google as favoured websites. In the OUT website the most surfed/used resources were Students Academic Registration System (SARIS). The resources which focus more on academic issues were visited less frequently. It is recommended that ICT knowledge and skills to be encouraged to OUT staff and students in order to ensure both stakeholders benefit in improving the quality of education offered through ODL Programmes at OUT
What Drives Effective Tablet Use in Education? A Study of Teaching and Learning Practices in Singida Municipality, in Tanzania
Full text linkThe use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has become a global strategy for transformation, particularly through mobile devices like tablets, which are being used to enhance both teaching and learning. In Tanzania, this effort has been supported by government initiatives such as the Secondary Education Quality Improvement Program (SEQUIP), which targets the enhancement of education in public secondary schools. Despite substantial investment, there remains a lack of comprehensive data on the impact of tablet use on teaching, particularly in settings with limited resources. This study evaluated how effectively mobile tablets are being utilised to improve teaching methods among public secondary school teachers in Singida Municipality, Tanzania. It specifically explored how tablet usage affects teacher engagement, professional development, technological and pedagogical knowledge, and collaborative teaching strategies. The research used a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach, involving 60 teachers selected through cluster and stratified random sampling. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to create a tablet effectiveness index, and both univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine key influencing factors. Results showed that effective tablet use was strongly linked to increased teacher motivation and engagement (Adjusted Coefficient: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.47–0.90), as well as more frequent tablet use in everyday teaching (Adjusted Coefficient: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.26–0.55). Although age and educational background had significant effects in simpler analyses, they were not impactful in more complex models. Teachers’ comfort with technology and ability to troubleshoot also contributed positively, though less strongly. The research highlights the need for focused teacher training, better technical support, and supportive policies to encourage collaboration in teaching. These findings are valuable for decision-makers and education professionals seeking to enhance the use of digital technology in Tanzanian schools and contribute to the growing body of research on ICT in education in developing regions. The study recommends the establishment of a structured and continuous professional development program that integrates both technical training on tablet use and collaborative teaching strategies, ensuring teachers are equipped, motivated, and supported to effectively incorporate tablets into innovative and interactive classroom practice
Utilization of Extended Postpartum Family Planning among Post-Delivery Women in Mvomero District, Morogoro-Tanzania
Full text linkThis study aimed at examining factors associated with the use of Extended Postpartum Family Planning (EPPFP) methods among post delivery women in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Based on cross-sectional design, the data collection activity was conducted on March 2020 to 256 post delivery women who delivered a child between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020. Purposive and convenience sampling were used to get respondents of the study. Data were collected using questionnaire. Through SPSS tool, descriptive analyses comprising of Pearson’s chi squire test was employed to establish association between independent and dependent variables. The prevalence of extended postpartum family planning utilization was 46%, the utilization of EPPFP was significantly associated with awareness of the reason for EPPFP use (P-value=0.013), awareness of EPPFP method (P-value=0.014), awareness of EPPFP side effects (P-value= 0.024), counselling sessions (P-value=0.000), menses resumption (P-value=0.010), duration of sexual activity (P-value=0.011) and history of previous pregnancy (P-value=0.000). Prevalence of EPPFP utilization among post delivery women is still low in Mvomero district. Enhancement of the utilization of EPPFP during the postpartum period needs effective response by stakeholders through provision of family planning education particularly during all maternal and child health contacts. 
Utilization of Extended Postpartum Family Planning among Post-Delivery Women in Mvomero District, Morogoro-Tanzania
Full text linkThis study aimed at examining factors associated with the use of Extended Postpartum Family Planning (EPPFP) methods among post delivery women in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Based on cross-sectional design, the data collection activity was conducted on March 2020 to 256 post delivery women who delivered a child between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020. Purposive and convenience sampling were used to get respondents of the study. Data were collected using questionnaire. Through SPSS tool, descriptive analyses comprising of Pearson’s chi squire test was employed to establish association between independent and dependent variables. The prevalence of extended postpartum family planning utilization was 46%, the utilization of EPPFP was significantly associated with awareness of the reason for EPPFP use (P-value=0.013), awareness of EPPFP method (P-value=0.014), awareness of EPPFP side effects (P-value= 0.024), counselling sessions (P-value=0.000), menses resumption (P-value=0.010), duration of sexual activity (P-value=0.011) and history of previous pregnancy (P-value=0.000). Prevalence of EPPFP utilization among post delivery women is still low in Mvomero district. Enhancement of the utilization of EPPFP during the postpartum period needs effective response by stakeholders through provision of family planning education particularly during all maternal and child health contacts. 
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effect of Borrower Qualities on Business Performance of Rural Based SMEs in Kagera Region, Tanzania
Full text linkThe objective of the study was to assess the impact of Borrower’s qualities on business performance of rural-based SMEs in Kagera region Tanzania. The Study was guided by the theory of the Group Based Micro-financing (GBM) model. It was done in four districts of Kagera region. The study used structured questionnaires composed of a five-point Likert Scale. The quantitative and regression research approach was adopted for the study. A sample size of 279 group borrowers of two commercial banks and two MFIs was used to collect primary data from June to August 2020. The regression analysis was done between three independent variables of Borrower’s qualities against three dependent variables of Business performance. It was found that 98.5 percent, 96.4 percent and 96.0 percent of respondents agreed to have increased knowledge, family income and household assets, respectively. On the other hand, the hypothesis testing confirmed that Borrower’s qualities impacted positively on the business performance of rural-based SMEs in Kagera region. These results imply that Borrower’s qualities under GBM model have a big positive contribution to the business performance of rural-based SMEs. It is therefore recommended that they should be adopted and promoted as a tool for fighting poverty as a result of increasing borrowers’ abilities to engage in prosperous income-generating businesses
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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