1,720,956 research outputs found
Local community’s perspectives on trophy hunting and their implications toward people’s welfare: the case of Rungwa Game Reserve
No full textMSc DissertationTrophy hunting in Tanzania plays an important role in wildlife
conservation, economic development, and community development.
This is despite the current contentious debate based on utilitarian
and deontological perspectives across the globe. However, on such
contentious topic, the voices of local communities from wildlife-rich
countries that are key stakeholders in wildlife conservation, including
Tanzania, have largely been unheard. The Rungwa game reserve
(RGR) is among the protected areas where the local community’s
perspectives on trophy hunting are not well documented.
Specifically, the study aimed at (i) assessing local communities’
perceptions and knowledge towards trophy hunting, (ii) determine
the costs and benefits of trophy hunting and its implications to
community’s livelihood (iii) examine the trend of trophy hunting and
its implications to local community’s livelihood. The survey was
conducted in November 2021 and February 2022. The in-depth
interviews were conducted with selected key informants (n=30) and
the questionnaire was administered to 120 sampled respondents.
The study used the mixed methods approach to gather all the data
required whereby surveys through questionnaires and checklists
were used as tools. The Chi-square tests for categorical variables
were used to assess the local community knowledge of trophy
hunting; Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to determine
factors that influenced local community knowledge on trophy
hunting. Assessment of local community attitude was performed by
using descriptive analysis, while to determine factors influencing
local community attitude the Structural Equation Modelling was
employed. Assessing the benefits and number of costs perceived by
local communities the Welch two sample t-test was used. The GLM
with Poisson error distribution were used to assess the factors that
influenced the response on cost and benefits of trophy hunting.
Perceptions of the trend of trophy hunting activities over the past five
years by the local community were assessed by using the Chi-
square test, while the trend of the number of tourists and revenue obtained from trophy hunting over the past 14 years were assessed
by using scaled GLM with a Poisson error distribution. Generally, the
study found that most of the local communities (92%, n = 110) were
aware of existing hunting operations around the village lands and
game reserves. The study found positive attitudes among local
communities toward trophy hunting, only if local people accrue
benefits from hunting operations. The community's attitudes towards
trophy hunting varied across household size and occupation.
Education and household position had an indirect influence on the
community’s attitude. The findings revealed that there was a
significant higher benefit than cost imposed by trophy hunting
activities to local communities living adjacent the RGR (t = 9.27, df =
150.58, p = 0.00). The response of local communities toward
benefits and costs from trophy hunting around RGR appeared to be
influenced by demographic factors. The perceived trend of trophy
hunting from local communities varied significantly (2 = 94.8, df = 3,
P < 0.001). The study found that the number of tourists who
conducted trophy hunting around RGR decreased significantly over
the past ten years (GLM, t =-3.960, P = 0.002), but when assessed
against annual revenue collected over the past 14 years, there was
an insignificant decrease in annual revenue (GLM, t =-1.482, P =
0.164) of which the key informants revealed that it was caused by
reasons like changes of trophy hunting policy, quota prices, and
emergency of Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that local
communities value trophy hunting's contributions but weigh them
against wildlife costs, with demographics affecting individual
perceptions. In conclusion, trophy hunting is important to local
communities living adjacent to remote protected areas and banning
them may have a significant impact in their livelihood and wildlife
conservation.Sydney Byers Scholarship for Wildlife Conservation through the WCN
Scholarship program and Dascot Lt
Local community’s perspectives on trophy hunting and their implications toward people’s welfare: the case of Rungwa Game Reserve
No full textMSc DissertationTrophy hunting in Tanzania plays an important role in wildlife
conservation, economic development, and community development.
This is despite the current contentious debate based on utilitarian
and deontological perspectives across the globe. However, on such
contentious topic, the voices of local communities from wildlife-rich
countries that are key stakeholders in wildlife conservation, including
Tanzania, have largely been unheard. The Rungwa game reserve
(RGR) is among the protected areas where the local community’s
perspectives on trophy hunting are not well documented.
Specifically, the study aimed at (i) assessing local communities’
perceptions and knowledge towards trophy hunting, (ii) determine
the costs and benefits of trophy hunting and its implications to
community’s livelihood (iii) examine the trend of trophy hunting and
its implications to local community’s livelihood. The survey was
conducted in November 2021 and February 2022. The in-depth
interviews were conducted with selected key informants (n=30) and
the questionnaire was administered to 120 sampled respondents.
The study used the mixed methods approach to gather all the data
required whereby surveys through questionnaires and checklists
were used as tools. The Chi-square tests for categorical variables
were used to assess the local community knowledge of trophy
hunting; Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to determine
factors that influenced local community knowledge on trophy
hunting. Assessment of local community attitude was performed by
using descriptive analysis, while to determine factors influencing
local community attitude the Structural Equation Modelling was
employed. Assessing the benefits and number of costs perceived by
local communities the Welch two sample t-test was used. The GLM
with Poisson error distribution were used to assess the factors that
influenced the response on cost and benefits of trophy hunting.
Perceptions of the trend of trophy hunting activities over the past five
years by the local community were assessed by using the Chi-
square test, while the trend of the number of tourists and revenue obtained from trophy hunting over the past 14 years were assessed
by using scaled GLM with a Poisson error distribution. Generally, the
study found that most of the local communities (92%, n = 110) were
aware of existing hunting operations around the village lands and
game reserves. The study found positive attitudes among local
communities toward trophy hunting, only if local people accrue
benefits from hunting operations. The community's attitudes towards
trophy hunting varied across household size and occupation.
Education and household position had an indirect influence on the
community’s attitude. The findings revealed that there was a
significant higher benefit than cost imposed by trophy hunting
activities to local communities living adjacent the RGR (t = 9.27, df =
150.58, p = 0.00). The response of local communities toward
benefits and costs from trophy hunting around RGR appeared to be
influenced by demographic factors. The perceived trend of trophy
hunting from local communities varied significantly (2 = 94.8, df = 3,
P < 0.001). The study found that the number of tourists who
conducted trophy hunting around RGR decreased significantly over
the past ten years (GLM, t =-3.960, P = 0.002), but when assessed
against annual revenue collected over the past 14 years, there was
an insignificant decrease in annual revenue (GLM, t =-1.482, P =
0.164) of which the key informants revealed that it was caused by
reasons like changes of trophy hunting policy, quota prices, and
emergency of Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that local
communities value trophy hunting's contributions but weigh them
against wildlife costs, with demographics affecting individual
perceptions. In conclusion, trophy hunting is important to local
communities living adjacent to remote protected areas and banning
them may have a significant impact in their livelihood and wildlife
conservation.Sydney Byers Scholarship for Wildlife Conservation through the WCN
Scholarship program and Dascot Lt
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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