1,720,957 research outputs found
Platform Verification and Secure Program Execution in Embedded Devices
No full textRecently, hardware manufacturers are increasingly outsourcing their production process into countries with lower cost structure. Although this reduces the cost of hardware production, it also creates opportunity for attackers to hack into the supply chain and change the original design of the hardware components. Such changes could range from short circuiting a module (for instance random number generators) to inserting parasite circuits and new masks (such as hardware Trojan circuits). These kind of intrusions are difficult to detect through pure functional testing. Furthermore, attacks on runtime program attributes (eg. fault injection attacks) are increasing in number and sophistication.In this thesis we propose techniques for platform verification and secure program execution that can be used in low-end to medium-end embedded systems. Our design incorporates a pre-deployment device verification and dedicated security module that monitors the program’s properties during execution. Both our pre-deployment and runtime verification methods constitute compile and execution time computations to reduce the time required for security checks during runtime.In the core of this thesis, we analyse the current threats to the embedded systems platform and programs. This leads to two major contributions spanning the pre and post integration of embedded systems into the larger electronic equipment. We propose side channel based pre-deployment platform verification techniques. In our techniques we use instruction and basic block level side channel templatesto identify anomalies within the target platform. Our approach does not require prior detailed knowledge of the inner workings of the program or the platform under test. Furthermore, we also propose the design of a generic runtime secure program execution architecture. Our proposal protects the target program’s run-time data, instructions and control flow jumps during its execution. To achieve this goal without affecting the performance of the main processor we introduce a dedicated hardware module. Finally, we provide the test implementations of ourproposals along with their performance measures
Anatomy of attacks on IoT systems: review of attacks, impacts and countermeasures
No full textAim: The Internet of Things is a disruptive technology that converts physical objects into a constant source of information. Internet-connected devices bridge the gap between the physical and virtual worlds through their data-generating set of sensors. Due to the large-scale proliferation of Internet-of-Things systems into practically every sector of modern life, they have also become the centre of growing cybersecurity threats and attacks. This is exacerbated by the connectivity between different kinds of devices and the lack of standardisation to govern them. The majority of papers on the security of the Internet of Things discuss one attack or threat at a time, which could lead to a fragmented understanding of their overall security posture. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise review of attacks on an Internet-of-Things system, their impacts on IoT assets and possible countermeasures.Methods: We review the available layered representation and functional components of the Internet of Things. We then identify the system's assets and review the literature on IoT attacks. We categorise these attacks into groups using common classification criteria and map them against the assets they target. We also identify the possible impacts that these attacks could have on an IoT system. We explore a number of security controls that could be deployed to detect or prevent the attacks. Finally, we evaluate these countermeasures against the assets they protect and the impacts they intend to prevent.Results: To clearly show the security of IoT systems, we identify assets, categorise the different attacks and map them to the different components of an IoT system. Further, we identify the different countermeasures and evaluate their effectiveness against IoT assets and attacks.Conclusion: The paper provides a clear and concise description of IoT functional components and computational models. It also presents an anatomy of attacks on such a system. In addition, the main assets of a typical IoT system are identified and elaborated. The different types of attacks that can be launched in an IoT environment are categorised and mapped against the different functional components. Further, the different assets are identified and countermeasures are evaluated on their effectiveness to protect them
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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