1,720,965 research outputs found
The impact of road transport on agricultural production: in Morogoro District, Tanzania
No full textDissertationTanzania economy depends much on agriculture as its main stay, but still rural farmers
suffer from poor road transport and high cost of transport of products to markets. Problems
in transport sector affect agricultural production in two ways. Firstly, the time and energy
spent on transport related activities reduce labour productivity because the transport
charges have led the price of fertilizers to be very high, hence reduces the profits which
labour could get. Secondly, increased market costs as a result of inadequate and poorly
maintained roads that are passed on to the farmers in terms of low farm -gate price. In
many food-growing areas, crops are carried in many kilometers by head to the assembly
markets or roadsides. Despite the efforts made by the government concerning road
transport, still there is inadequate agricultural production in rural areas. Because of this
structure of human settlement and production, road transport system assumes an
extraordinarily important role in the economic development of an area. The study evaluates
the impact of road transport on agricultural production. It was conducted at Mikese,
Kiroka, Kinole and Mkambarani wards located in Morogoro District. It involved 100
respondents who were household members; other participants include government officials
and political leaders. Data were collected through structured questionnaire as a major tool
for data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze
data. The results reveal transport improvements are thus critical for rural development and
poverty reduction. The link and impact lies in the fact that improved transportation
improves access to economic opportunities by reducing transport costs. It also ensures
increased agricultural productivity, opens up room for participation in non agricultural
activities through time saving effects, eases accessibility to markets and social services,
and links the rural sector to the rest of the economy
The impact of road transport on agricultural production: in Morogoro District, Tanzania
No full textDissertationTanzania economy depends much on agriculture as its main stay, but still rural farmers
suffer from poor road transport and high cost of transport of products to markets. Problems
in transport sector affect agricultural production in two ways. Firstly, the time and energy
spent on transport related activities reduce labour productivity because the transport
charges have led the price of fertilizers to be very high, hence reduces the profits which
labour could get. Secondly, increased market costs as a result of inadequate and poorly
maintained roads that are passed on to the farmers in terms of low farm -gate price. In
many food-growing areas, crops are carried in many kilometers by head to the assembly
markets or roadsides. Despite the efforts made by the government concerning road
transport, still there is inadequate agricultural production in rural areas. Because of this
structure of human settlement and production, road transport system assumes an
extraordinarily important role in the economic development of an area. The study evaluates
the impact of road transport on agricultural production. It was conducted at Mikese,
Kiroka, Kinole and Mkambarani wards located in Morogoro District. It involved 100
respondents who were household members; other participants include government officials
and political leaders. Data were collected through structured questionnaire as a major tool
for data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze
data. The results reveal transport improvements are thus critical for rural development and
poverty reduction. The link and impact lies in the fact that improved transportation
improves access to economic opportunities by reducing transport costs. It also ensures
increased agricultural productivity, opens up room for participation in non agricultural
activities through time saving effects, eases accessibility to markets and social services,
and links the rural sector to the rest of the economy
The Contribution of Agricultural Aid from the USAID Projects on Boosting Farmers’ Livelihoods: A Case of Mvomero District, Tanzania.
No full textThe agricultural sector in Tanzania is one of the important sectors in the country receiving a considerable amount of international aid which is believed to improve the overall wellbeing of farmers and the entire rural society. The main objective of the study was to critically examine the contribution of agricultural aid from the USAID project on boosting farmers’ livelihoods. The findings of this study are hoped to form a resource base for sharing experiences, lessons and best practices that will assist different development stakeholders in creating and managing development aids. The field research tools included the semi structured questionnaire (on small scale farmers) and interview guides (on key informants). Analysis of qualitative data was through displays of the respondent's direct responses, and statistical analysis was done using a computerized programme SPSS and more manipulations with the use of Ms Excel in drawing graphs. The findings revealed that there were a number of achievements registered by the USAID agricultural projects on improving the livelihood of small scale farmers. These included training of farmers in improved farming methods, introducing modern farming technologies and improvements in infrastructure which all increased agricultural production and improved the productivity of farmers. Education of farmers on improved farming practices is important in increasing food availability. Improvements in rural infrastructure such as constructing roads eases farmers movements to and fro the markets. Provision of farming equipments enhances farmer’s productivity. Agricultural aid has been successful in improving agriculture in the project implementation areas by increasing agricultural production and improving agricultural productivity of farmers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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