1,720,954 research outputs found
Effects of dietary fibre on pig excreta characteristics and odours from slurry.
Full text linkThesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.A study was conducted to test the effects that different high fibre sources and their varying inclusion levels had on the characteristics of the excreta (faeces, urine and the slurry), and on odour from the slurry of growing pigs. Faeces and urine characteristics were tested from 52 pigs fed rations containing grass hay (GH), lucerne hay (LH), maize cobs (MC), maize stover (MS) and sunflower husk (SH) diets at inclusion levels up to 400 g/kg as fed basis. Faecal output, faecal consistency and nitrogen were influenced by fibre type (P <0.01) and inclusion level (P <0.01). Nitrogen content in faeces and urine was also affected by dietary fibre inclusion. Increasing fibre inclusion levelled to a reduction in urinary nitrogen content, indicating nitrogen repartitioning from urine to faeces, thereby minimizing nitrogen volatilization.
The slurry from pigs fed on LH, MC and SH at levels up to 160 g/kg was tested for chemical composition and odour offensiveness. The slurry was incubated for 16 days. The pH and nitrogen content varied among fibre types and incubation period (P <0.05). Isobutyrate and butyrate concentrations varied with fibre type and the incubation period tested (P <0.01). Using panellists, the SH containing rations resulted in low odour offensiveness score. Maize cob-containing diets resulted in the largest odour scores, with (mean rank of 2.2 and 4.3 for SH and MC, respectively). To reduce odour offensiveness from piggeries, sunflower husk was recommended as an alternative feed ingredient for growing pigs
Influence of water stress on feed intake, growth performance and nutritional status of Nguni goats.
Full text linkDoctor of Philosophy in Animal and Poultry Science. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 2016.The broad objective of the study was to determine the influence of water stress (water deprivation, water restriction and water salinity) on feed intake, growth performance and the nutritional status of Nguni does. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to 135 farmers that keep goats from Jozini municipality of uMkhanyakude district in South Africa. Data collected included household demographics, goat production constraints, watering and feeding systems practised, including data regarding whether farmers milk goats. Varying periods of water deprivation (0, 24 and 48 h) on water intake, feed intake, water to feed ratio, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were determined. Varying levels of water restriction (1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 mL) and water salinity (0, 5.5 and 11 g/L) on average daily feed intake (ADFI), water to feed ratio (WFR), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Nguni goats were determined. Varying periods of water deprivation (0, 24 and 48 h) on body condition scoring (BCS), body weight (BW), faecal egg counts (FEC), FAMACHA scores, glucose, creatine, urea and cholesterol of Nguni goats were also determined. Varying levels of water restriction (1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 mL) and water salinity (0, 5.5 and 11
g/L) on body condition scoring, body weight, faecal egg counts, FAMACHA, glucose, creatine, urea and cholesterol of Nguni goats were determined.
Farmers were not aware of the value of goat milk, and they largely value meat from goats (P <0.01). Female farmers were likely to face water challenges (P <0.05). Farmers practising the scavenging production systems were likely to experience feed challenges. The ADWI was the same in goats deprived of water for 0 h and 24 h (P <0.05). The ADFI was largest for goats deprived of water for 48 h (P <0.01). The ADG and FCR declined as the level of water deprivation was increased (P <0.01). Water deprivation period was negatively correlated with ADFI, WFR, ADG and FCR. The ADFI peaked at 1600 mL of water restriction for goats subjected to 0 and 5.5 g/L of water salinity (P <0.01). The ADG peaked at 1400 and 1600 mL of water restriction across all water salinity levels (P <0.05). Body condition scoring and body weight were largest for goats deprived of water for 0 h (P <0.01). The FEC increased as water deprivation period was increased. Correlations between water deprivation period with FAMACHA, BCS and BW were negative. Correlations with FEC and creatine kinase were, however, positive. The BCS and FAMACHA scores to the peak, and later declined beyond 80 % of water restriction for goats subjected to 0 and 5.5 g/L of water salinity (P <0.05). The BW increased as the level of water restriction decreased across all water salinity levels tested (P <0.01). The FEC decreased as the level of water restriction decreased for goats subjected to 0 and 5.5 level of water salinity (P <0.05). Creatine concentration decreased as the level of water restriction was decreased across all water salinity levels tested (P <0.05). There was a linear relationship between urea and water restriction for goats subjected to 0 g/L of water salinity (P <0.05). It was concluded that goats are constrained by lack of input resources such as water. On
the other hand, water deprivation period can be set to 24 hours for Nguni goats since increased periods of water deprivation compromise goat productivity. Also, water restriction and water salinity for Nguni goats can be set to 1600 mL and 5.5 g/L, respectively since further increments do not seem to improve goat productivity.
Key words: water resources, water stress, productivity, Nguni goats
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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