63 research outputs found
Governing desalination in Spain and Israel (1990–2020) lessons on institutional coherence and infrastructure performance
No full textThis article compares Spain and Israel (1990–2020) to explain why similar legal reforms and investments in seawater desalination yielded divergent outcomes. Israel consolidated a centrally coordinated model with near cost-recovery and broad uptake, whereas Spain’s installed capacity has experienced lower and more uneven utilization alongside recurrent debate. Using a most-similar systems design, the analysis explores four policy dimensions: tariff design, social acceptance, governance arrangements and legal coordination. Findings show that durable performance depends less on structural pressures than on coherent tariffs, availability-based contracts, integrated network operations and sustained outreach, with post-2020 developments discussed qualitatively to assess external validity
Explaining Asia's low inflation
No full textPacific Area ; Inflation (Finance) ; Banks and banking, Central ; Asia
Determination of Fatigue Assessment of Monopile - Based Offshore Wind Turbines through Fidelity Quantification
No full textThe application of stability checks in simulated offshore wind structures is performed through tools that are established in the offshore wind industry. In particular, the structure should fulfill certain strength and fatigue criteria among which Fatigue Limit States (FLSs) checks are critical. In terms of the process, fatigue assessment can be carried out in both time (TD) and frequency domain (FD), with the former being more popular in the offshore wind energy sector. Nevertheless, simplified tools in the FD have been suggested, since they yield results similar to those of the TD analysis. In order to decide upon the choice of tool in performing the FLS estimations, a relative comparison should be implemented. Particularly, fatigue assessment in the TD, fatigue assessment in the FD and a simplified type of fatigue assessment in the FD are examined. These types of fatigue assessment are conducted in three respective tools, with the TD type conducted in NREL’s FAST v8 and both the FD types simulated within MATLAB tools. The tools are judged upon the desirable levels of Modelling & Simulation (M&S) fidelity. A set of criteria are defined for the particular use case, in an attempt to express that fidelity. The criteria’s metrics are additionally provided in the proposed methodology and associated measurements are taken during simulations. Only after conducting further multi-criteria decision analyses (MCDA), the eventual levels of fidelity for the three types of fatigue assessment result to a consequent ranking among the tools. Therefore, the measured criteria lead to the quantification of these levels of fidelity for all three tools and the application of MCDA results to their ranking. The proposed fidelity framework is applied in a case study in order to evaluate the proposed methodology, as well as to select the type of fatigue assessment and consequent tool that should be used within an early design stage. The results indicate that the simplified fatigue assessment in the FD should be preferred over conventional fatigue assessment in both TD & FD. In addition, the criteria included in the fidelity framework seem to provide a multifaceted approach, since none of the tools is favored in all categories. Finally, similarities in results between relevant types of conducted comparisons as well as between different types of MCDA, enhance the consistency of the proposed fidelity methodology and increase its credibility.Aerospace Engineering | Aerodynamics and Wind Energ
Multispectral radiation study solar included in the period 2003 – 2020 according to satellite data SORCE and GOES
No full textilustraciones, diagramasEl presente estudio se centró en analizar la radiacion solar en un periodo de tiempo que abarca desde 2003 hasta 2020, utilizando datos diarios satelitales proporcionados por SORCE (Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment) en diferentes bandas y GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) en rayos X; junto con los registros de numero de manchas solares y eventos clase C, M y X. Se realiza una comparacion analıtica para entender los posibles factores que producen la variabilidad del ciclo solar y otra con la ayuda de inteligencia artificial mas precisamente aprendizaje automatico con redes neuronales de clasificacion. Los datos se compilaron con una matriz de datos de entrada de 24 × 6075 y se etiquetan respecto a tres salidas binarias, A Sol calmo, B Sol con actividad moderada y C Sol con actividad fuerte. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una correlacion de 90.3% de concordancia de la totalidad de los datos. El 48.1% de los datos tienen un comportamiento de Sol calmo, 41.3% presentan una actividad solar moderada y el 1.0% con actividad solar fuerte. (Texto tomado de la fuente)he present study was focused on the analysis of the solar radiation in a period from 2003
to 2020, using daily satellite data provided by SORCE (Solar Radiation and Climate Expe-
riment) in different bands and GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)
in X-rays; together with the records of the number of sunspots and class C, M and X events.
An analytical comparison is performed to understand the possible factors that produce the
variability of the solar cycle and another with the help of artificial intelligence more preci-
sely automatic learning with classification neural networks. The data were compiled with an
input data matrix of 24 × 6075 and labeled with respect to three binary outputs, A quiet Sun,
B Sun with moderate activity and C Sun with strong activity. The results obtained show a
correlation of 90.3 % agreement of all the data. The 48.1 % of the data have a behavior of
quiet Sun, 41.3 % present a moderate solar activity and 1.0 % sun with strong activity.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - AstronomíaAstrofısica Sola
Ubicación de pequeñas centrales de biomasa en sistemas de distribución basado en flujo iterativo de barrido adelante - atrás
No full textEl presente artículo plantea un algoritmo
que permite determinar la ubicación
óptima de generación distribuida (GD),
mediante la aplicación de la metodología
de barrido iterativo adelante – atrás para
flujos de potencia, analizando la
incidencia de la generación de biomasa
como recurso renovable. Para el
modelamiento de este problema, se toma
como caso de estudio dos sistemas de
distribución. Se implementa el modelo de
prueba IEEE de 33 barras y un modelo de
59 barras propuestos por el autor, con dos
escenarios por sistema, donde la función
objetivo busca minimizar las pérdidas de
potencia en el sistema de distribución
tomando como restricción los perfiles de
voltaje inferiores a los valores
recomendados. El análisis de resultados
está determinado en base a la inserción de
dos y tres unidades de GD de biomasa para
el primer sistema, y la inserción de tres y
cuatro unidades para el segundo sistema
de distribución. En virtud de resultados se
obtiene la ubicación óptima de GD de
biomasa a ser insertada en el sistema de
distribución.This article proposes an algorithm that
allows determining the optimal location of
distributed generation (DG), through the
application of the iterative sweep
methodology forward - backward for
power flows, analyzing the incidence of
biomass generation as a renewable
resource. For the modeling of this
problem, two distribution systems are
taken as a case study. The IEEE 33-bus
test model and a 59-bus model proposed
by the author are implemented, with two
scenarios per system. Where the objective
function seeks to minimize the power
losses in the distribution system, taking as
a restriction the voltage profiles lower
than the recommended values. The
analysis of results is determined based on
the insertion of two and three units of
biomass DG for the first system, and the
insertion of three and four units for the
second distribution system. By virtue of
the results, the optimal location of biomass
DG to be inserted in the distribution
system is obtained
Improving of inventory management, storage, and raw material request planning processes for the company accasoft software1
No full textEl presente trabajo se desarrolló bajo la modalidad de práctica empresarial en la empresa Calzado Mandarina, dedicada al diseño, producción y comercialización de calzado para dama, ubicada en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. El proyecto se basa en la ejecución de propuestas de mejora para los procesos de gestión de inventarios, almacenamiento y requerimiento de materias primas usando como base el software ERP Accasoft. En primer lugar se realizó un diagnóstico para conocer la situación inicial de los procesos involucrados en el proyecto, a partir de la información recolectada se elaboraron propuestas de mejora con el fin de mitigar las falencias identificadas; entre las propuestas destacan la creación de manuales de funciones y procedimientos, mejoras en el área de almacenamiento y la implementación del software. Finalmente se describen las actividades ejecutadas en la implementación de las mejoras y se evalúan los resultados obtenidos y el cumplimiento de los objetivos del proyecto de grado.PregradoIngeniero IndustrialThis paper is the outcome of the practicum done by the author in Calzado Mandarina, a business located in Bucaramanga and dedicated to designing, producing, and commercializing women footwear. The project is based on the implementation of improvement proposals for the processes of inventory management, storage, and raw materials requesting, focusing on the use of ERP Accasoft software. Firstly, a diagnostic test was conducted in order to know the initial state of the processes involved within the project. Secondly, from the data collected, improvement proposals were developed aimed to mitigate the identified shortcomings. The proposals that stand out among the others are the creation of the operations and functions manuals, the improvement of the storage area and the implementation of the software. Finally, a description of the activities performed during the implementation of the improvements is provided. Then, the outcome obtained is assessed, as well as the fulfillment of the graduation project goals.
Ubicación de pequeñas centrales de biomasa en sistemas de distribución basado en flujo iterativo de barrido adelante - atrás
No full textEl presente artículo plantea un algoritmo
que permite determinar la ubicación
óptima de generación distribuida (GD),
mediante la aplicación de la metodología
de barrido iterativo adelante – atrás para
flujos de potencia, analizando la
incidencia de la generación de biomasa
como recurso renovable. Para el
modelamiento de este problema, se toma
como caso de estudio dos sistemas de
distribución. Se implementa el modelo de
prueba IEEE de 33 barras y un modelo de
59 barras propuestos por el autor, con dos
escenarios por sistema, donde la función
objetivo busca minimizar las pérdidas de
potencia en el sistema de distribución
tomando como restricción los perfiles de
voltaje inferiores a los valores
recomendados. El análisis de resultados
está determinado en base a la inserción de
dos y tres unidades de GD de biomasa para
el primer sistema, y la inserción de tres y
cuatro unidades para el segundo sistema
de distribución. En virtud de resultados se
obtiene la ubicación óptima de GD de
biomasa a ser insertada en el sistema de
distribución.This article proposes an algorithm that
allows determining the optimal location of
distributed generation (DG), through the
application of the iterative sweep
methodology forward - backward for
power flows, analyzing the incidence of
biomass generation as a renewable
resource. For the modeling of this
problem, two distribution systems are
taken as a case study. The IEEE 33-bus
test model and a 59-bus model proposed
by the author are implemented, with two
scenarios per system. Where the objective
function seeks to minimize the power
losses in the distribution system, taking as
a restriction the voltage profiles lower
than the recommended values. The
analysis of results is determined based on
the insertion of two and three units of
biomass DG for the first system, and the
insertion of three and four units for the
second distribution system. By virtue of
the results, the optimal location of biomass
DG to be inserted in the distribution
system is obtained
The Problem of Money Illusion in Economics
No full textMoney illusion in economic theory has been an assumption rejected for academic economists for quite some time. However, with the gradual diffusion of behavioural economics based on experimental research this has changed. Now, it has become a respected fact to accept money illusion as a stylized fact of human behaviour. However, it still needs a better understanding why monetary phenomena especially related to financial markets play an important role in understanding the real economy, the production, consumption and exchange of commodities and services. The author of this paper suggests that financial markets are particular engaged in intertemporal valuation problems which are common to any kind of economic activity. Since money is the unit of account, accounting problems related to the uncertain nature of future economic development makes a continuous readjustment of valuations in money units necessary. However, financial markets are imperfect as Minsky has pointed out. Because of these imperfections the possibility of significant long-lasting valuation problems emerges. One reason for this is that in standard economic reasoning the problem of intentional cheating is neglected. Furthermore major innovations like e.g. the ICT revolution with the Internet or the introduction of securitization as a means to redistribute risk as general purpose innovations make valuations of the long term to medium term impacts on the economy extremely difficult. The recent financial market bubbles are significantly related to such general purpose innovations. If monetary policy fails to control for irrational exuberance of investors about the future benefits and profits of such innovations, this inherently embodies the risk of a financial market shock, if expectations of the general public have to adjust after overoptimistic prediction about the future economic development. The author, however, considers that there are some early warning indicators which would give the possibility of timely action of policy makers to control financial market bubbles. The complacency of monetary authorities of the past decades to do so, has not primarily a diagnostic problem to deal with money illusion, but even more so with vested interests of insiders of private investors on the institution to control unlawful behaviour. By weakening the regulatory framework, failing to establish transparency and accountability of agents eager to get rich as fast as possible without taking into regard the rules of good governance the current global financial crisis of institutional failure to contain the instability of financial markets to an acceptable social level. Money illusion is so as well an expression that unfounded optimism about the self-regulatory discipline of market participates is sufficient to stop financial markets get out of control to an historical unprecedented level.Money Illusion; Imperfect Financial Markets; Regulatory Failure; Behavioural Finance
Bitcoin-Compatible Virtual Channels
No full textCurrent permissionless cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin suffer from a limited transaction rate and slow confirmation time, which hinders further adoption. Payment channels are one of the most promising solutions to address these problems, as they allow the parties of the channel to perform arbitrarily many payments in a peer-to-peer fashion while uploading only two transactions on the blockchain. This concept has been generalized into payment channel networks where a path of payment channels is used to settle the payment between two users that might not share a direct channel between them. However, this approach requires the active involvement of each user in the path, making the system less reliable (they might be offline), more expensive (they charge fees per payment), and slower (intermediaries need to be actively involved in the payment). To mitigate this issue, recent work has introduced the concept of virtual channels (IEEE SP'19), which involve intermediaries only in the initial creation of a bridge between payer and payee, who can later on independently perform arbitrarily many off-chain transactions. Unfortunately, existing constructions are only available for Ethereum, as they rely on its account model and Turing-complete scripting language. The realization of virtual channels in other blockchain technologies with limited scripting capabilities, like Bitcoin, was so far considered an open challenge.In this work, we present the first virtual channel protocols that are built on the UTXO-model and require a scripting language supporting only a digital signature scheme and a timelock functionality, being thus backward compatible with virtually every cryptocurrency, including Bitcoin. We formalize the security properties of virtual channels as an ideal functionality in the Universal Composability framework and prove that our protocol constitutes a secure realization thereof. We have prototyped and evaluated our protocol on the Bitcoin blockchain, demonstrating its efficiency: for n sequential payments, they require an off-chain exchange of 9+2n transactions or a total of 3524+695n bytes, with no on-chain footprint in the optimistic case. This is a substantial improvement compared to routing payments in a payment channel network, which requires 8n transactions with a total of 3026n bytes to be exchanged.Accepted author manuscriptData-Intensive System
SOCIAL LEGAL PRACTICE IN THE TENTH LOCAL PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN FLORIDABLANCA IN THE LEGAL INVESTIGATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF OPPORTUNITY
No full textEl presente trabajo de grado se proyecta como el resultado de una práctica jurídico social en el despacho de la Fiscalía Décima Local de Violencia Intrafamiliar de Floridablanca que tuvo como objetivo principal el de brindar apoyo jurídico en los procesos penales que fueran asignados. Partiendo de esto, dicho proyecto se centró en el principio de oportunidad frente al delito de Violencia Intrafamiliar como figura introducida al ordenamiento jurídico colombiano a través de la Ley 906 de 2004, por promulgación del Acto Legislativo 03 de 2002, y respecto de la cual se ventila la discusión de, si al ser aplicada, se atenta contra el principio de legalidad y la protección constitucional que el Estado Social de Derecho le ha otorgado a la familia como núcleo fundamental de la sociedad.
Para llevar a cabo lo anterior, se partió de un análisis de casos que totalizaban los procesos penales frente a los cuales había sido aplicada alguna causal del principio de oportunidad desde la creación del despacho, y así mismo, se tuvo en cuenta aquellos a los cuales el autor realizó labores como proyecciones de escritos de acusación, proyecciones de órdenes a policía judicial y constancias. De igual manera, se realizó una investigación de la figura jurídica de principio de oportunidad y su aplicación en diversas fuentes como jurisprudencia, directivas y manuales de procedimientos de la Fiscalía General de la Nación, entre otras, en donde se pudo destacar la importancia del enfoque basado en género, como quiera que en Colombia, en los procesos penales de Violencia Intrafamiliar, la gran mayoría de víctimas son mujeres, de conformidad con el Boletín de comportamiento del delito de violencia intrafamiliar (VIF) 2016-2023, presentado en 2024 por el Ministerio de Justicia.PregradoAbogadoThis degree project is the result of a social legal practice at the Tenth Local Prosecutor's Office for Domestic Violence in Floridablanca, whose main objective was to provide legal support in the criminal proceedings assigned to it. Based on this, the project focused on the principle of opportunity in relation to the crime of domestic violence, as introduced into Colombian law through Law 906 of 2004, enacted by Legislative Act 03 of 2002, and which has sparked debate as to whether, when applied, it violates the principle of legality and the constitutional protection that the social rule of law has granted to the family as the fundamental nucleus of society.
To carry out the above, I began with an analysis of cases that totaled the criminal proceedings in which some grounds for the principle of opportunity had been applied since the office was created. We also took into account those cases in which the author worked on draft indictments, draft orders to the judicial police, and records. Similarly, research was conducted on the legal concept of the principle of opportunity and its application in various sources, such as case law, directives, and procedural manuals of the Attorney General's Office, among others, which highlighted the importance of a gender-based approach, given that in Colombia, in criminal proceedings involving domestic violence, the vast majority of victims are women, according to the 2016-2023 Bulletin on Domestic Violence (VIF) Crime Behavior, presented in 2024 by the Ministry of Justice
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