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The Inhibitory Effect of Panax notoginseng Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Growth of Hepatoma Cells
No full text三七，學名為Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen，為中國傳統名貴藥材之一，已被證實具有抑制癌症之功效，且其活性成分以皂苷物質為主。
本實驗為以三七為基質，利用乳酸菌發酵以進行生物性轉化，藉由評估發酵產品抑制肝癌細胞株生長以及分析皂苷成分變化，期望提升三七在抗肝癌方面之效用。
發酵實驗分別以靜置與發酵槽發酵進行。由靜置發酵部份之實驗，篩選出發酵用之乳酸菌種及接菌量，發現以多株乳酸菌共同培養24小時後，可以增加三七對於肝癌細胞Hep 3B與Hep G2生長之抑制率。利用發酵槽發酵，於100 rpm攪拌速率下培養一天可得到具有最佳抑制肝癌細胞株效果之發酵液，對Hep G2與Hep 3B之IC50可降低至固形物濃度200 mg/ml以下，且發酵液對於大鼠初代肝細胞之毒性較低，LD50為976 mg/ml。另由HPLC分析結果顯示，肝癌細胞抑制率與圖譜上較低極性區域中五個吸收峰之含量呈現相關性。
本研究進一步證實，具有最佳抑制肝癌細胞功效之發酵液，乃藉由減少肝癌細胞株的細胞週期前進至S期、累積在G0/G1期，而能抑制其生長。Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), possesses anticarcinogenic activity. The major active components had been identified as saponins.
The aims of this research were to enhance the antihepatoma activity of P. notoginseng by lactic acid bacteria fermentation, to investigate the bioactive components in the fermentation products which are responsible for the antihepatoma activity, and to study the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of the fermentation products on hepatoma cell lines.
According to the results of static fermentation, the basic fermentation conditions, including species and co-culture of lactic acid bacteria, and the method of pretreatment of the medium were decided. It was found that inoculation of 8 species of lactic acid bacteria and co-cultured with P. notoginseng for 24 hours could enhance the antitumor activity of the herb. When the fermentation was carried out in 6.6 liter bioreactor, the fermentation broth with the stronger anti-hepatoma activity could be produced.
The changes of saponins in the fermentation broths were analyzed by HPLC, and a negative correlation between the viability of hepatoma cells and 5 peaks located in the lower polar region on the HPLC profile were observed.
It was also found that the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect was to arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. The cytotoxic effects on Hep G2 and Hep 3B cells were higher than those on rat primary hepatocytes.文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………1
一、肝病與肝癌………………………………………………………1
二、三七簡介…………………………………………………………3
三、三七藥理作用與活性成分………………………………………5
四、皂苷之水解、吸收代謝及抗癌作用…………………………13
五、乳酸菌與抗癌之關係…………………………………………29
六、微生物發酵炮製………………………………………………31
研究目的………………………………………………………………32
實驗架構………………………………………………………………34
第一部份、乳酸菌發酵三七基本條件之研究……………………34
第二部份、利用6.6公升發酵槽進行三七乳酸菌發酵之研究……35
第二部份、三七發酵產品對肝癌細胞週期之影響與正常肝細胞毒
性之研究………………………………………………36
材料與方法……………………………………………………………37
第一部份 乳酸菌發酵三七實驗……………………………………37
第二部份 乳酸菌三七發酵液之物化性質分析……………………43
第三部份 乳酸菌三七發酵液機能性之探討………………………46
結果與討論……………………………………………………………59
壹、靜置發酵培養…………………………………………………59
一、乳酸菌種之影響……………………………………………59
二、接菌量之影響………………………………………………65
三、多株乳酸菌共同發酵………………………………………67
四、培養基質之探討……………………………………………79
貳、發酵槽培養……………..……………………………………105
參、乳酸菌三七發酵液對於肝癌細胞生長抑制作用之可能機
制………………………………………………………………119
肆、三七發酵液對正常肝細胞之影響……………………………122
結論……………………………………………………………………125
參考文獻………………………………………………………………12
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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