1,721,101 research outputs found
The case for multiple health behavior change interventions in multiple sclerosis
Full text linkBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, non-traumatic disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There is a growing need for alternative approaches to managing healthcare in MS. Targeting multiple, co-occurring health risk factors represents a holistic approach for managing comorbidities and many of the neuroperformance consequences of MS.
Methods: Sixty-nine participants with MS completed self-report measures of smoking status, nutrition, alcohol use, physical activity levels, comorbidity and neuroperformance outcomes and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The data were analyzed using t-tests and chi-square analyses in SPSS Statistics 22.0.
Results: Of participants with two or more risk factors, 90.3% were not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines. Total number of comorbidities (z=2.36, p=0.02), cardiovascular disease symptoms (z=2.63, p=0.01), T25FW speed (z=2.53, p=0.01), and 6MW distance (z=2.61, p=0.01) had significant differences in the cluster of co-occurring poor nutrition and insufficient levels of physical activity. There was a significant difference between those reporting two vs. one risk factor for number of comorbidities (z=2.41, p=0.02), cardiovascular disease symptoms (z=2.40 p=0.02), T25FW speed (z=2.39, p=0.02) and 6MW distance (z=2.68, p=0.01).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that a clustering of insufficient physical activity and poor nutrition was reported in 90.3% of participants with two or more risk factors. The presence of that cluster further appeared to be synergistically associated with comorbidity and neuroperformance markers. This research could inform future investigations of multiple health behavior change in persons with MS.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo termsThe student, Julia Balto, accepted the attached license on 2016-06-20 at 19:29.The student, Julia Balto, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-06-20 at 19:34.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-06-21 at 16:15.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9683 on 2016-11-09 at 10:21:16Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:49:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-2
Associations among physical activity, perception of stress, and relapse occurrence in multiple sclerosis
No full textBackground: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease that is characterized by relapses or periods of worsening symptoms (Lublin & Reingold, 1996). The occurrence of a relapse has been associated with experiencing a stressful event (Mohr, Hart, Julian, Cox, & Pelletier, 2004). Physical activity could potentially influence relapse occurrence directly or indirectly through attenuation of the stress response, but neither of these relationship have been investigated in people with MS. Two theoretical models, the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping and the Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis, could possibly provide an explanation for how stress is involved in the relationship between physical activity and relapse occurrence.
Objective: The two aims of this retrospective study were to determine: 1) Is physical activity associated with a decreased number of relapses within a year; and 2) Is the relationship between physical activity and relapse occurrence mediated or moderated by stress?
Methods: The sample included 47 females with RRMS who had characteristics for increased risk of relapse occurrence (female, short disease duration, young age of adult onset). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Modified Activity Questionnaire (MAQ), and a recall of any relapses during the previous year. Participants further wore a pedometer for 7 days.
Results: Nineteen or 40% of the participants had a relapse during the previous year. There were statistically significant differences between those who did and did not have a relapse in the previous year for pedometer steps (t = 2.13, p < 0.05), PSS (t = 2.05, p < 0.05), and MAQ (t = 1.96, p < 0.05).The occurrence of a relapse was positively associated with PSS (r = .29) and negatively associated with MAQ (r = –.29) and pedometer (r= –.30). The regression analyses for mediation effects showed the relationship between physical activity (i.e. both pedometer and MAQ separately) were slightly attenuated, but non-significant when relapse occurrence was regressed on both physical activity and PSS. For moderation, pedometer steps were significantly correlated with relapse in the low stress group (r = .435) but not in the high stress group (r = .076), and MAQ was significantly correlated with relapse occurrence in the high stress group (r = .345), but not in the low-stress group (r = .207).
Conclusion: Physical activity was moderately, significantly, and inversely related to relapse occurrence in persons in the early stages of RRMS. This means that physical activity behavior could potentially be a determinant of relapse occurrence or that inactivity could be a consequence of having a relapse. There were weak and inconsistent results with perception of stress as a mediator or moderator of the relationship between physical activity and relapse occurrence in MS. These results did not fully support the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping or the Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis for understanding the decrease in relapses seen with physical activity in persons with MS.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2011-07-20T13:28:51Z
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Fitness and cognitive processing speed in persons with multiple sclerosis
Full text linkBackground: Cognitive impairment is prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed in persons with MS. To date, two studies have identified aerobic capacity as a correlate of cognition in MS, but there has yet to be an investigation of multiple domains of fitness as correlates of cognition in this population. Such an examination is important for identifying the appropriate modes of exercise training for possibly improving cognition.
Objective: This study examined the relationships among aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and balance with cognitive function in persons with MS.
Methods: 31 persons with MS and 31 controls matched by age, height, weight, and sex completed two neuropsychological measures of cognitive processing speed (PASAT and SDMT). Participants underwent an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer as a measure of aerobic capacity; three maximal isometric extensions and one maximal isometric flexion with each knee on an isokinetic dynamometer at three different joint angles as a measure of muscular strength; and stood on a force platform without shoes for 30 seconds with eyes open to measure postural sway.
Results: Independent samples t-tests indicated that MS and control groups differed in PASAT score (t = −2.13, p = .04), SDMT score (t = −2.69, p = .01), aerobic capacity (t = −2.99, p < .01), and balance (t = 4.06, p < .01), but not in muscular strength. Cognitive processing speed was significantly associated with aerobic capacity (r = .43 and .44) and balance (r= −.52 and −.52), but not muscular strength in the overall and MS samples, respectively. Lastly, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that aerobic capacity (β = .27) and balance (β = −.40) accounted for differences in cognitive processing speed between MS and control groups.
Conclusions: Aerobic capacity and balance, but not muscular strength, are associated with cognitive processing speed in persons with MS, suggesting that aerobic exercise and balance training are avenues for possibly improving cognitive impairment in this population.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-04-24T17:14:43Z
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Validity and reproducibility of the Italian version of the patient determined disease steps scale in people with multiple sclerosis
No full text
Heterogeneity of aerobic fitness changes with exercise training in progressive multiple sclerosis: Secondary, exploratory analysis of data from the CogEx trial
Full text linkBackground: There is heterogeneity of aerobic fitness (VO2peak) changes with a standardized exercise training stimulus in the general population (i.e. some participants demonstrate improvements, others no change, and some a reduction in VO2peak). Objectives: This secondary, exploratory analysis of data examined the heterogeneity of VO2peak responses and possible correlates among persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) from the CogEx trial. Methods: CogEx was a multi-site, multi-arm, randomized, double-blinded, and sham-controlled trial undertaken by 11 sites in six different countries. Participants were randomized into one of four conditions with different combinations of exercise training and cognitive rehabilitation including respective sham conditions. The analysis focuses primarily on VO2peak change for the pooled exercise training intervention conditions compared with the pooled sham exercise control conditions. Results: Waterfall plots for change in VO2peak suggested greater heterogeneity with exercise training than sham, and the proportions of difference in VO2peak change (i.e. improvement/worsening) were significantly different between exercise training and sham conditions(p < 0.05). The multivariable analysis indicated that lower baseline VO2peak (p < 0.001) was the only statistically significant correlate of increases in VO2peak with exercise training. Conclusion: Our results highlight the heterogeneity of change in VO2peak with exercise training that is correlated with initial aerobic capacity in PMS, and such results may inform hypothesis testing in future clinical trials of exercise training. IntroductionThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (grant number #EGID3185)
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