1,720,963 research outputs found
Sociology and National Development
Get PDFThe place of sociology in national development cannot in any way be belittled. As sociology is a social science that studies the elements of the society as a whole in bid to understand how they relate and to grasp their interaction patterns that either birth changes or promote stability. As a result of this, sociologists can state the causes and agents of development in any given nation, coupled with the fact that development is progressive and it follows certain patterns. Since the inception of Sociology, sociologists have been aiming toward national development. This can be captured in the works of Auguste Comte (1974), Karl Marx (1848) to name a few. This paper reveals the relevance of sociology in contending for national development as it studies the society in general and underscores what birth development or transition from one point to
another. The paper further alludes that there is a nexus between sociology and national development thereby recommends that sociological findings need to be paid more attention to and properly utilized in order to actualize the desired national development as we posit sociology as a ‘societal doctor’ who diagnosis the society of her ailment and makes proper prescription that birth national development. In bid to actualized this paper objective, secondary resources are used as this is qualitative research
Globalization and the Transformation of Indigenous Morality: A Philosophical Study of the Yoruba Concept of Omoluabi
Get PDFEven as globalization has, no doubt, catalyzed or served as a basis for advancements in several spheres of human endeavours across the globe, it is also pertinent to highlight or indicate some of its drawbacks, especially as it pertains to the preservation of culture and morality. Whereas some studies have already attested to the fundamental link between culture and morality, some others have moved on to indicate how globalization may have a negative impact on culture and morality, especially within the African context. The present research queues with the latter group of studies as it investigates the extent to which the moral and cultural values associated with the Yoruba concept of Omoluabi has metamorphosed in the 21st century. The research relies on philosophical and hermeneutical analyses for its agenda as it discloses how the concept of ‘Omoluabi’, has evolved from its original usage and semantics to what now obtains in the 21st century
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Synergy of Minds and Machines: Rethinking the AI-HI Relationship through Dialectical Reconstruction
Get PDFToday, there is an issue regarding the superiority of intelligence regarding the nature of human intelligence and artificial intelligence. Human intelligence, which refers to the natural capacity of humans to think, reason, learn, and adapt to new
situations based on experience and emotional instincts, represents the core of what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence on the other hand is the simulation of human cognitive functions by machines, especially in tasks such as problem-solving, pattern recognition, and decision-making, which often operates based on algorithms and data, both of which are unique and important in themselves. However, there is a presupposition by some commentators, which happens to be the problem of this paper. On the one hand, there is the argument that artificial intelligence; particularly generative artificial intelligence, can perform tasks better than humans, while on the other hand, is the argument that human consciousness and creativity remain irreducible, both of which have sparked renewed discussions about whether AI can rival or even surpass human cognition. However, rather than reduce the discourse to a binary conflict, this paper through a critical and dialectical method, critically engages with established perspectives, proposing a
complementary view that reconciles both intelligences. It argues that artificial intelligence represents an existential evolution that targets enhancing human productivity rather than replacing humans. Contrary to fears that artificial intelligence diminishes human relevance, this paper demonstrates how it complements human intelligence by ensuring collaboration and improved productivity in advancing knowledge and innovation
Migration and National Development in Nigeria: A Critical Examination of Lee’s Theory of Migration
No full textMigration has long been a focal point of sociological inquiry, with scholars always seeking to understand the forces driving human mobility. Everett Lee's push-pull theory is a comprehensive theory applied in explaining migration and is a more advanced replacement of the earlier, economically deterministic theories. Lee's analysis reveals diverse factors that instigate migration. He submits that what leads to migration in most cases is a response to the complex interplay of factors at the place of origin and destination. Unlike reductionist theories, his approach emphasizes the multifaceted nature of migration and its potential to produce both positive and negative outcomes, depending on the context. This paper employs a qualitative research design, alongside critical and conceptual analysis of secondary data, to examine the relationship between migration and national development through the lens of Lee’s theory, using Nigeria as a case study. This paper explores the determinants and scope of migration as well as its effect on national development. It argues that migration greatly contributes to national development since the mobility of human capital and socio-economic integration of migrants make a significant contribution to development impacts. The research attests to the double potential of migration in terms of spurring or slowing development based on how integration policy is handled, as well as controlling socio-economic factors. The paper asserts that strategic policy interventions are necessary to realize the development dividends of migration
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