62 research outputs found
The Impact and Spillover Effects of HIV Self-Test Technology on HIV Outcomes of the South African Working Class
No full textBackground: South Africa recently adopted HIV self-test technology (HIVST) to improve HIV testing and encourage earlier treatment initiation in working populations with a low uptake of conventional testing approaches. This study investigates the impact of HIVST on testing outcomes, focusing on both frequent and infrequent working-class testers. The paper also examines the spillover effect of HIVST on antiretroviral (ART) treatment initiation. To identify these effects, the author focused on South Africa and exploited the HIVST distribution data of 6259 beneficiaries of HIVST.
Methods: The author used a two-stage least-squared model to quantify the impact of the HIVST on these vulnerable working populations.
Results: The results show that HIVST fosters a 27.6% higher testing uptake in infrequently testing workers compared to frequently testing workers, and that the uptake of HIVST is 11.5% higher in rural regions than in urban settings, as well as 14.5% more prominent in infrequent male testers than infrequent female testers. Notably, the positive effects of HIVST are also confirmed by the presence of positive spillover effects in workers screening positive for HIV. The paper documents a 7.6% increase in ART initiation in infrequent testers.
Conclusions: There is a case for adopting this technology to improve the uptake of HIV testing and ART initiation as the country seeks to attain the UNAIDS 95–95–95 targets by 203
Cyprian Norwid’s industrial travels
No full textThe article is an attempt to tell about the journeys of Cyprian Norwid through the largest industrial centers in the world. The author starts from the first trip of Norwid who led to Warsaw. Stereotypical aversion to the city prevails in works written at that time. It is like an introduction to the main part of the article, which is travels to Paris, New York and London. The poems created during these journeys have a completely different meaning – although the reluctance of the city has not disappeared from them, but has been significantly transformed – Norwid tries to show them how the position of man in
the industrial world has changed, what he must face every day and how difficult he is not to get lost in the overwhelming crowd and noise. In the end, the author tries to combine the poet’s impressions of traveling through the centers of industrialization with those he drew from the journeys and memories of “universal” Italian cities in which the present was intertwined with the past.DOMINIKA Diekemper – mgr, doktorantka w Zakładzie Historii Literatu ry Oświecenia i Romantyzmu Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Ukończyła filologię polską i kulturoznawstwo. Naukowo zajmuje się twórczością Cypriana Norwida, kulturą i obyczajowością XIX wieku, nową humanistyką (w szczególności postsekularyzmem), przestrzenią miasta w literaturze i kulturze. Pracuje w Domu Oświatowym Biblioteki Śląskiej jako animator i kurator Gabinetu Alfreda Szklarskiego. Prywatnie interesuje się nowymi technologiami i popkulturą.Uniwersytet Śląski w KatowicachChlebowski P., Romantyczna silva rerum. O Norwidowym „Albumie orbis”, Lublin 2009.Fert J., Szkic do portretu, [w:] C. Norwid, Vade-mecum, oprac. J. Fert, Wrocław 1990.Grabowski M., Topografie pamięci „Tajemnicy lorda Singleworth”, „Pamiętnik Literacki” CVII, 2016.Kuziak M., Norwid i pejzaż nowoczesności. Wokół Paryża poety, „Studia Norwidiana”, nr 32.Lyszczyna J., Cyprian Norwid. Poeta wieku dziewiętnastego, Katowice 2017.Łubieński T., Norwid wraca do Paryża, Kraków 1989.Maciejewski J., Cyprian Norwid, Warszawa 1992.Norwid C., Pisma wszystkie, Warszawa 1971–1976.Samsel K., Inwalida intencji. Studia o Norwidzie, Warszawa 2017.Sławek T., Miasto. Próba zrozumienia, [w:] Miasto w sztuce, sztuka miasta, red. E. Rewers, Kraków 2010.Stefanowska Z., Strona romantyków. Studia o Norwidzie, Lublin 1993.Skalińska E., Norwid – Dostojewski. Zbliżenia i rekonstrukcje, Warszawa 2012. http://naukairozwoj.uksw.edu.pl/sites/default/files/ewangelina_skalinska_doktorat.pdf [dostęp 31.07.2018]4424125
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax In Mexico
No full textArantxa Colchero and coauthors (Mar 2017) used household data and reported that a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico—implemented on January 1, 2014—had yielded an average annual reduction of 7.6 percent in the purchase of the taxed beverages during the period 2014–15. However, the 2015 annual report of a leading beverage company in Mexico showed a 2.6 percent growth in the sale volume of Coca-Cola. 1 This figure reflects a recovery from the 2014 decline in volume that was associated with bad weather conditions. Given that the study by Colchero and coauthors covered only 6,645 households and did not consider the national perspective or the impact of weather in 2014, it appears that the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages has not curbed the overall consumption of these beverages nationally in Mexico. Furthermore, the alleged reduction in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages cannot be linked to a reduction in obesity levels, 2,3 which is the goal of the tax. 4 In light of this observation, other countries considering the implementation of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages may need to be cautious. The tax in Mexico has not yet produced the intended outcome
Macroeconomics and health: Understanding the impact of a declining economy on health outcomes of children and young adults in South Africa
No full textBackground: The current covid-19 economic crisis continues to weaken economic growth in South Africa. This study was designed to show how a declining economic state affects the mental health conditions, metabolic risk factors, communicable conditions, and non-communicable conditions of adolescent (18-year cohorts) and adult (25-year cohorts) population groups comparatively. Study design: This was a panel analysis using secondary data issued by Statistic South Africa. Methods: The author used a Two-stage Least Squared Model (2SLS) to quantify the impact of the declining economy on mental health conditions (depression and traumatic stress), non-communicable conditions (cancer and diabetes), metabolic risk factors (alcohol abuse and hypertension), and communicable conditions (influenza, diarrhea, dry cough) of both adolescent and young adult population groups. Each group comprised a treatment and a control group. Results: The declining economic state of 2008–2014 worsens the mental health conditions, metabolic risk factors, and non-communicable conditions of adolescent and young adult populations. However, the declining economy reduced cases of communicable conditions. The impact of the declining economy worsens mental health conditions, metabolic risk factors, and non-communicable conditions more in urban settings than in rural regions. Men abuse alcohol more than women during economic decline, triggering worsening mental health conditions, hypertension, and non-communicable conditions, especially in the adult population residing in urban settings. Conclusions: Economic decline worsen mental health conditions, metabolic risk factors, and non-communicable conditions. The South African government may want to prioritize these conditions as covid-19 economic shocks continue to backslide economic growth
The impact of sugar-sweetened beverages tax policy on cases of diabetes, depression, heart attacks, hypertension, and stroke in the 35 years and 40 years cohorts of South Africa
No full textIn 2018, South Africa became the first African country to implement a sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) tax policy. This study evaluates its impact on diabetes, depression, heart attacks, hypertension, and stroke among South Africans aged 35 and 40. Data from 2016 to 2017 (control group) and 2018-2021 (treatment group) were analysed using an Instrumental Variables (IV) estimation model. Results indicate a 16% reduction in diabetes and 23% reduction in depression for the 35-year cohort, while the 40-year cohort saw 6% and 16% decreases, respectively. Heart attacks dropped by 36% and 12%, hypertension by 30% and 10%, and strokes by 16% and 6% in the respective cohorts. The effects were more significant in men and in the younger 35-year cohort, particularly among Black African and Mixed-Race groups, and people from low socio-economic backgrounds. Overall, the policy effectively reduces these health issues, suggesting that higher tax rates could enhance brain health outcomes
Correction to: Metabolic reprogramming of T regulatory cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, (2021), 70, 8, (2103-2121), 10.1007/s00262-020-02842-y)
No full textin the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, written by Varun Sasidharan Nair, Reem Saleh, Salman M. Toor, Farhan S. Cyprian and Eyad Elkord, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 03 February 2021 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 25 May 2021 to © The Author(s) 2021 and this article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. The original article has been corrected
A call for prudent taxation of cannabis corporates to fund mental health programmes
No full textCannabis consumption increases the incidence of psychotic disorders, violence, and cognitive impairments [1]. Governments need to implement progressive tax legislation, such as that which requires the cannabis sector to accept responsibility and account for its contribution to the worsening of these mental health conditions in developing countries. Excise taxes are rarely imposed on the cannabis sector [2], despite the lucrative wealth amassed by this industry. For example, current estimates show that the global cannabis sector was valued at 176 billion by 2030, driven solely by cannabis inhalation demands [3]. The projected growth rate of 604% demonstrates the risk of poor mental health and the viability of targeting the cannabis sector with special excise taxes to finance mental health promotion and prevention programmes, which have been neglected in developing countries
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