305,945 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Entrepreneurship intention in research groups, cases in biotechnology.
No full textThe industry of life sciences and biotechnology has been always interesting to researchers of social sciences including researchers in the fields of innovation management and entrepreneurship. The research which constituted the content of this thesis has developed along two main streams in Entrepreneurship as a research discipline: academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education. The research focuses on the psychological aspects of academic entrepreneurship under the impact of supportive complementary measures to entrepreneurial education in research groups which defines the entrepreneurial orientation of the research group.
During the visits to Max-Planck Institute in Munich, we observed that early stage researchers’ intention for entrepreneurship is influenced by their research group’s entrepreneurial orientation and as Etzkowitz (2003) has noted a research group could be considered a quasi-firm which stresses investigation of entrepreneurship at the level of researchers’ local environment i.e. faculty and research group (Grunhagen and Volkmann, 2014). Many entrepreneurial ideas which could lead to venturing and spin-off creation, are not supported in research groups and the common outcome could be either researcher leaving the group to start new companies (Agarwal et al. 2004) or giving up ideas in favor of current career choices (Shane 2004). These observations became the starting point for planning the Ph.D. research at Max-Planck Institute, where we investigate the real-life conditions of researchers to answer the following research questions:
- What supportive measures in research groups enhance early stage researchers’ perceived entrepreneurial self-efficacy?
- What is the role of research group leaders in relation to early stage researchers’ perceived entrepreneurial desirability?
As mentioned above, the research project took place in the knowledge intensive environment of the Life science cluster in Martinsried (near Munich) where Max-Planck Institutions of Neurobiology and Biochemistry are located. The research took a qualitative approach and multiple case studies (Eisenhardt 1989, Yin 2013 and Flyvberg 2006) have been planned as the strategy of research; this choice was motivated by the exploratory nature of the research questions and the suitability of case studies for inductive research on entrepreneurship (Gartner and Birley 2002). The research, therefore, has taken place in the knowledge intensive environment of the Biotech/Life science cluster in Martinsried, where the data were collected from a selection of five biotech research groups meeting the criteria for literal sampling (Yin 2013).
On one hand, the local work environment of researchers, defined as research group or faculty, has been recently suggested in the literature to be a new level for studies of entrepreneurship (Grunhagen and Volkmann 2014) while on the other hand, there has been a development of seminal theories and models on entrepreneurial intention (i.e. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Ajzen 1991) and Shapero’s model of the entrepreneurial events (SEE) (Shapero and Sokol 1982)).
In the conceptual model of the research, the entrepreneurial orientation of research groups is composed of two critical elements: the entrepreneurial support and the entrepreneurial motivation. The perception of each of the two element connect to two lower level (early researchers’ individual level) items, (perceptive entrepreneurial) self-efficacy and (perceptive entrepreneurial) desirability respectively. The results of the study aim at proposing connections of these elements to early stage researchers’ perceived self-efficacy and perceived desirability, which are the two well-established antecedents of entrepreneurial intention.
Entrepreneurially oriented research groups support entrepreneurship through various supportive strategies and measures, thus, it is significant to monitor researchers’ perception of the support they are given in order to assess its impacts on their behaviors. Our research applied an integrative dual level framework to study early-stage researchers’ individual entrepreneurial intentions based on the support and motivations perceived in their respective research group. It supports the assumption that researchers’ perception of in-group entrepreneurial support affect their entrepreneurial self-efficacy and together with other in-group motivators (e.g. motivating role of leaders) create a perceived group based orientation for entrepreneurship eventually affecting entrepreneurial intentions. The group based entrepreneurial support in research resembles the dimensions of University Entrepreneurship support defined in previous literature: Entrepreneurship Education, Concept Development Support, and Business Development Support (Kraaijenbrink et al. 2010).
As mentioned above, through the case study methodology a sample of five research groups were selected for data collection (semi-structured interviews with both leaders and members) and from the analysis of the cases (both in-case and cross-case) emerge the following propositions:
- Researchers’ perceived managerial support for entrepreneurship at their research group build up their entrepreneurial self-efficacy
- Researchers’ perceived support for entrepreneurial education at their research group builds up their entrepreneurial self-efficacy
- Researchers’ perceived technical support for entrepreneurship at their research group build up their entrepreneurial self-efficacy
Our research suggests that the prophecy of leaders defined as dissemination of the vision for an entrepreneurial career play an important role in early stage researchers’ perceived entrepreneurial desirability. Other observed motivational factors are the mentality of early stage researchers towards the future and their career objectives (not only salary). Early researchers’ perceptions of their development path and future working conditions demand an entrepreneurial role of the leader to give them a vision of their future entrepreneurial career as a possibility (if not the best career choice).
Our research also suggests that perceived technical competency of the leader and the research group in general, may lead to perceived self-efficacy to act entrepreneurially, whereas not having it tends to negatively influence both perceived desirability and perceived self-efficacy for entrepreneurship.
The research results in emergence of three propositions relating to the second research question:
- Leaders of research groups disseminate entrepreneurial motivation through an entrepreneurial prophecy as well as advocating and supporting ideas at higher levels of the organization.
- Entrepreneurial motivation at the group level is founded in advice and envisioning provided by the leaders for an entrepreneurial career.
- The perception of leaders’ technical competencies and expertise is a source of entrepreneurial motivation.
The holistic perspective provided by the research can lead to a more meaningful understanding of the role of group-based support and formation of early stage researchers’ entrepreneurial intention in the biotechnology field.Il settore delle scienze della vita e della biotecnologia è sempre interessante per i ricercatori di scienze sociali, tra cui ricercatori nei settori della gestione dell'innovazione e dell'imprenditorialità. La ricerca che ha costituito il contenuto di questa tesi si è sviluppata lungo due filoni principali di imprenditorialità come disciplina di ricerca: l'imprenditorialità accademica e formazione imprenditoriale. La ricerca si concentra sugli aspetti psicologici dell'imprenditorialità accademica sotto l'impatto delle misure complementari di sostegno per la formazione imprenditoriale in gruppi di ricerca che definisce l'orientamento imprenditoriale del gruppo di ricerca.
Durante le visite a Max-Planck Institute di Monaco di Baviera, abbiamo osservato l'intenzione che i ricercatori all'inizio della carriera "per l'imprenditorialità è influenzata da orientamento imprenditoriale del loro gruppo di ricerca e come Etzkowitz (2003) ha notato un gruppo di ricerca potrebbe essere considerato un quasi-società, che sottolinea indagine di imprenditorialità a livello di ambiente locale ricercatori cioè docenti e gruppo di ricerca (Grünhagen e Volkmann, 2014). Molte idee imprenditoriali che potrebbero portare a avventurarsi e spin-off creazione, non sono supportati in gruppi di ricerca e il risultato comune potrebbe essere o ricercatore lasciare il gruppo per avviare nuove imprese (Agarwal et al., 2004) o rinunciare idee in favore di corrente le scelte di carriera (Shane 2004). Queste osservazioni sono diventate il punto di partenza per la pianificazione del dottorato di ricerca ricerca presso Max-Planck Institute, dove si indaga le condizioni di vita reale dei ricercatori di rispondere alle seguenti domande di ricerca:
- Quali misure di sostegno a gruppi di ricerca aumentano giovani ricercatori 'percepita imprenditoriale auto-efficacia?
- Qual è il ruolo di leader del gruppo di ricerca in relazione alla percezione dell'opportunità imprenditoriale ricercatori all'inizio della carriera "?
Come accennato in precedenza, il progetto di ricerca si è svolta in un ambiente conoscenza intensiva del cluster Scienze della vita a Martinsried (vicino a Monaco di Baviera), dove si trovano Max-Planck di Neurobiologia Istituzioni e Biochimica. La ricerca ha adottato un approccio qualitativo e più casi di studio (Eisenhardt 1989 Yin 2013 e Flyvberg 2006) sono state programmate come la strategia di ricerca; questa scelta è stata motivata dalla natura esplorativa delle domande di ricerca e l'idoneità dei casi di studio per la ricerca induttiva sull'imprenditorialità (Gartner e Birley 2002). La ricerca, dunque, ha avuto luogo nel contesto della conoscenza intensiva del cluster scienza Biotech / Life in Martinsried, in cui i dati sono stati raccolti da una selezione di cinque gruppi di ricerca biotech che soddisfano i criteri per il campionamento letterale (Yin 2013).
Da un lato, l'ambiente di lavoro locale di ricercatori, definita come gruppo di ricerca o facoltà, è stato recentemente proposto in letteratura per essere un nuovo livello per studi di imprenditorialità (Grünhagen e Volkmann 2014), mentre dall'altro lato, vi è stata una sviluppo delle teorie seminali e modelli intenzione imprenditoriale (cioè Teoria della Pianificazione del Comportamento (TPB) (Ajzen 1991) e il modello di Shapero degli eventi imprenditoriali (SEE) (Shapero e Sokol 1982)).
Nel modello concettuale della ricerca, l'orientamento imprenditoriale dei gruppi di ricerca è composto da due elementi di criticità: il sostegno imprenditoriale e la motivazione imprenditoriale. La percezione di ciascuno dei due elementi connettersi a due livelli inferiori (inizio livello individuale dei ricercatori) articoli, (imprenditoriale percettiva) auto-efficacia e (percettiva imprenditoriale) desiderabilità rispettivamente. I risultati dello studio hanno lo scopo di proporre connessioni di questi elementi alla percezione di auto-efficacia ricercatori all'inizio della carriera 'e desiderabilità percepita, che sono le due antecedenti consolidate dell'intenzione imprenditoriale.
Imprenditoriale orientata gruppi di ricerca sostenere l'imprenditorialità attraverso varie strategie di sostegno e misure, quindi, è significativo per monitorare la percezione dei ricercatori del supporto sono dati al fine di valutare gli impatti sui loro comportamenti. La nostra ricerca applicata una struttura a doppio livello di integrazione per studiare singoli intenzioni imprenditoriali ricercatori early-stage "in base al supporto e le motivazioni percepito nella loro rispettiva gruppo di ricerca. Esso supporta l'ipotesi che la percezione dei ricercatori di sostegno imprenditoriale in-group pregiudica la loro imprenditoriale auto-efficacia e insieme ad altre motivazioni di gruppo (ad es motivazione ruolo di leader) creare un gruppo di orientamento percepito basato all'imprenditorialità scadere le intenzioni imprenditoriali. Il supporto imprenditoriale basato gruppo di ricerca assomiglia alle dimensioni del supporto dell'Università imprenditorialità definiti nella letteratura precedente: educazione all'imprenditorialità, Concetto Sostegno Sviluppo e Business Development Support (Kraaijenbrink et al 2010)..
Come accennato in precedenza, attraverso la metodologia caso di studio un campione di cinque gruppi di ricerca sono stati selezionati per la raccolta dei dati (interviste semi-strutturate con entrambi i leader e membri) e dall'analisi dei casi (sia nel caso e trasversale caso) emerge la seguenti proposizioni:
- Ricercatori 'percepita supporto gestionale per l'imprenditorialità a loro gruppo di ricerca costruire il loro imprenditoriale autoefficacia
- Ricercatori 'percepito il sostegno all'istruzione imprenditoriale al loro gruppo di ricerca si accumula loro imprenditoriale autoefficacia
- Ricercatori 'percepita supporto tecnico per l'imprenditorialità al loro gruppo di ricerca costruire il loro imprenditoriale autoefficacia
La nostra ricerca suggerisce che la profezia di capi definite come la diffusione della visione per una carriera imprenditoriale svolgono un ruolo importante nella percezione dell'opportunità imprenditoriale ricercatori all'inizio della carriera. Altri fattori motivazionali osservati sono la mentalità dei giovani ricercatori verso il futuro e dei loro obiettivi di carriera (non solo stipendio). La percezione del loro percorso di sviluppo e di condizioni di lavoro futuri ricercatori primi richiedono un ruolo imprenditoriale del leader per dare loro una visione del loro futuro carriera imprenditoriale come possibilità (se non il migliore scelta di carriera).
La nostra ricerca suggerisce anche che percepita competenza tecnica del leader e il gruppo di ricerca in generale, può portare alla percezione di auto-efficacia di agire imprenditoriale, mentre non averlo tende a influire negativamente sia desiderabilità percepita e percezione di auto-efficacia per l'imprenditorialità.
I risultati della ricerca in emergenza di tre proposizioni relative alla seconda domanda di ricerca:
- I leader dei gruppi di ricerca diffondere motivazione imprenditoriale attraverso una profezia imprenditoriale e che sostengono e supportano idee a livelli più alti dell'organizzazione.
- Motivazione imprenditoriale a livello di gruppo è fondato nella consulenza e immaginando fornito dai leader per una carriera imprenditoriale.
- La percezione di competenze tecniche leaders e le competenze è una fonte di motivazione imprenditoriale.
La prospettiva olistica fornita dalla ricerca può portare ad una maggiore comprensione del ruolo di supporto di gruppo-based e formazione della volontà imprenditoriale dei ricercatori all'inizio della carriera 'nel campo della biotecnologia
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Hydrogen production by steam reforming of bio-ethanol: Process design and economic assessment
No full textHydrogen production from bioethanol steam reforming was techno-economically assessed, considering different bioethanol sources. In particular, 1stgeneration and 2ndgeneration bioethanol have been compared with purity degree. The advantages of using bioethanol with different cost and water/impurities content are discussed. The steam reforming plant was sized based on industrial technologies commercial available and on previous studies on the use of second generation bioethanol, for a total production of 889 kg/h of H2(7.8 kton/year) considering a feed stream of 40 kton of bioethanol per year. The minimum hydrogen selling price and internal rate of return (IRR) of the investment were chosen as criteria of evaluation and comparison with the literature reports. The results revealed that the process is a cost-competitive option for the current state of technology, with a minimum selling price of hydrogen (including 10% rate of return) of 2.39 â¬/kg. Cash flow diagrams are also presented in order to better analyse the economic viability and compatibility
Semantically describing urban historical buildings across different levels of granularity
No full textArchitectural, built heritage and historical buildings embody cultural heritage value and-as known-they need to be studied, documented, persevered and represented. Although there are many fields involved in these activities, none of these considered individually can fully represent the heritage with a complete level of detail and information. The present work aims to investigate the different levels of detail and granularity among different communities involved in historical buildings tasks to semantically define different concepts. In this context, ontologies are considered as an effective solution for the formal conceptualization of the domains involved, providing a common language for knowledge sharing and reuse. The study starts from existing knowledge (standards, vocabularies, thesauri, classifications) and conceptualisations for regional, urban and architectural heritage and geographic information for various tasks (restoration, documentation and heritage studies, risk prevention, heritage asset and facility management, education and tourism, urban planning and energy refurbishment/performance). A specific use case involving historical buildings in fortified centres across different levels of detail is described to show how existing knowledge and standards conceptualisation need to be integrated and extended. Urban Data Scienc
Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Bioethanol: Catalytic Tests and Process Design
No full textAbstract
2nd generation bioethanol was considered as raw material for the sustainable hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming. An experimental kinetic investigation has been carried out selecting different catalysts synthesized by Flame Spray Pyrolysis, a one step high temperature synthesis able to impart strong metal-support interaction, besides high thermal resistance [1]. Ethanol conversion, selectivity to the main possible byproducts and the CO/CO2 ratio, as a measure of the contribution of the water gas shift reaction, were correlated to the temperature, water/ethanol ratio and space velocity in a central composite experimental design [2]. Two different bioethanol samples, 50 and 90 vol%, produced and supplied by a company (Mossi&Ghisolfi), have been used for at each temperature. Attention was paid to the catalyst resistance towards deactivation by coking.
The kinetic expression was implemented in a software simulation (Aspen Plus), designing a high pressure reactor. A successive process design was investigated considering the hydrogen purification section as well and evaluating the economic feasibility of different plant configurations and operative conditions. Net plant efficiencies and total capital investment will be estimated as well as internal rate of return and payback period.
[1] M. Compagnoni, J. Lasso, A. Di Michele, I Rossetti*, Cat. Sci. & Tech, 6 (2016) 6247
[1] M. Compagnoni, A. Tripodi, I. Rossetti*, App. Cat. B:Environ., 203 (2017) 899–90
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
- …
