756 research outputs found
Deep Supervised Learning Using Local Errors
No full textError backpropagation is a highly effective mechanism for learning high-quality hierarchical features in deep networks. Updating the features or weights in one layer, however, requires waiting for the propagation of error signals from higher layers. Learning using delayed and non-local errors makes it hard to reconcile backpropagation with the learning mechanisms observed in biological neural networks as it requires the neurons to maintain a memory of the input long enough until the higher-layer errors arrive. In this paper, we propose an alternative learning mechanism where errors are generated locally in each layer using fixed, random auxiliary classifiers. Lower layers could thus be trained independently of higher layers and training could either proceed layer by layer, or simultaneously in all layers using local error information. We address biological plausibility concerns such as weight symmetry requirements and show that the proposed learning mechanism based on fixed, broad, and random tuning of each neuron to the classification categories outperforms the biologically-motivated feedback alignment learning technique on the CIFAR10 dataset, approaching the performance of standard backpropagation. Our approach highlights a potential biological mechanism for the supervised, or task-dependent, learning of feature hierarchies. In addition, we show that it is well suited for learning deep networks in custom hardware where it can drastically reduce memory traffic and data communication overheads. Code used to run all learning experiments is available under https://gitlab.com/hesham-mostafa/learning-using-local-erros.git
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OFTWO-WAY SOLID SLABS REINFORCED WITH GFRP BARS
No full textHesham A. Haggag, Mostafa M.Abd Elsala
Forgotten Legacy: An Endeavor to Highlight Heritage Food of Egyptian Bedouins
No full textDespite the issue of food heritage having an important debate around the globe, there is still inconclusive literature addressing Egyptian heritage food in general, and particularly the gastronomic heritage of Egyptian Bedouins. The main argument of the current study is firstly to identify a set of genuine heritage foods of Egyptian Bedouins by using explicit criteria. Then, transfer the data to develop a documented recipe book for these meals, which is intended to be an initial phase of promoting them as a unique component of the Egyptian cultural legacy. The target population of the study is the Egyptian Bedouin society, both in the western and eastern deserts. Through
a qualitative approach, 15 semi-structured interviews with elderly local people were undertaken before conducting a focus group with six Bedouin experts. The findings section reported eight heritage foods of Egyptian Bedouins and produced a recipe book for them
The land of Ewes and Milk: An exploration study of heritage food of Egyptian Bedouins
No full textFor a territory to be sustainable, economic and social benefits need to be exploited to improve the living standard of local people. Food as a part of human culture has supposed a significant role in tourist decision-making and satisfaction, tourism services and destination promotion strategies, accordingly, it can be a useful factor of destination development. The main argument of current research is to explore and document a group of authentic heritage foods of Egyptian Bedouins as an attempt to preserve them as well as suggest a potential utilisation of these foods in the light of rural tourism. An initial online survey, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with Bedouins from Sinai and Matruh areas have been undertaken to accomplish the study aim. At the end of the study, a full description of seven heritage foods of the mentioned areas with their original names, pictures, ingredients, and preparation methods have presented, additionally, a potential utilisation has been suggested
What Does Heritage Food Mean? An Interdisciplinary Review of Literature
No full textThe attention carried in food and eating by social sciences has recently moved from investigating the issue as a topic of interest to addressing it as a concern constructed as a research object.
However, we still need to have an in-depth understanding of the concept of “heritage food” (HF), in which disciplines we can address it? and shed light on its parallels in the literature such as local food and traditional food. The shortage of knowledge about similarities and differences between
those concepts may cause confusion while conducting related studies. Therefore, the current study aims to provide a clear understanding of the concept of heritage food, through an interdisciplinary systematic review approach. In the end, the article will try to provide a clear comprehension of the heritage food concept and portrait the relation between local, traditional, and
heritage food
Supervised learning based on temporal coding in spiking neural networks
No full textGradient descent training techniques are remarkably successful in training analog-valued artificial neural networks (ANNs). Such training techniques, however, do not transfer easily to spiking networks due to the spike generation hard non-linearity and the discrete nature of spike communication. We show that in a feedforward spiking network that uses a temporal coding scheme where information is encoded in spike times instead of spike rates, the network input-output relation is differentiable almost everywhere. Moreover, this relation is locally linear after a transformation of variables. Methods for training ANNs thus carry directly to the training of such spiking networks as we show when training on the permutation invariant MNIST task. In contrast to rate-based spiking networks that are often used to approximate the behavior of ANNs, the networks we present spike much more sparsely and their behavior can not be directly approximated by conventional ANNs. Our results highlight a new approach for controlling the behavior of spiking networks with realistic temporal dynamics, opening up the potential for using these networks to process spike patterns with complex temporal information
Narratives and outcomes of the uprisings in Syria and Bahrain
No full textThe narratives deployed by the political elites and the opposition groups in Syria and Bahrain has undergone a process of evolution since the onset of the Arab Spring. The examination of the cases of Syria and Bahrain is useful from a methodological perspective, since it enables us to determining the nuances that come about from the manner in which the Arab Spring unfolded in the region. This dissertation attempts to unite a diverse range of elements to present a comprehensive analysis of the nature of revolutionary consciousness, the nature of Arab transnational collective action movements in an era of globalization, and the mechanisms governing the evolutions of protest rhetoric. This dissertation draws attention to the particular ways in which language and rhetoric are used on both sides of the struggle and the ways in which rhetoric changes in response to the expectation of an international audience.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Hesham Abdulaziz A. Alamma
CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of painful intra-articular osteoid osteoma in children: Is there a concern for cartilage damage?
No full textObjective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) in the management of uncommon and technically challenging intra-articular osteoid osteoma in children. Material and methods: From December 2018 to September 2022, 16 children with intra-articular osteoid osteoma, including ten boys and six girls, were treated at two tertiary centers with percutaneous CT-guided RF ablation using a straight monopolar electrode. The procedures were carried out under general anesthesia. Post-procedural clinical outcomes and adverse events were assessed through clinical follow-up. Results: Technical success was achieved in all of the participating patients. Clinical success with relief of symptomatology throughout the period of follow-up was achieved in 100% of the patients. No persistence or recurrence of pain occurred during the follow-up period. No immediate or delayed adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: PRFA is shown to be technically feasible. Clinical improvement can be achieved with a high rate of success in the treatment of children with difficult-to-treat intra-articular osteoid osteomas
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Advancements in the Pharmaceutical Field: A Comprehensive Review
No full textThe pharmaceutical industry has witnessed a paradigm shift with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various aspects of drug discovery, development, and healthcare delivery. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the impact of AI in the pharmaceutical field, highlighting its contributions, challenges, and prospects. We explore AI applications in drug discovery, clinical trials, personalized medicine, and healthcare management, emphasizing the potential benefits and ethical considerations associated with this transformative technology
La fonction sémantico-pragmatique de la métaphore dans le discours politique yéménite
No full textCet article se propose d’étudier le phénomène de la métaphore, avec ses dimensions sémantique et pragmatique, dans un corpus constitué de trois discours politiques prononcés à la Conférence du dialogue national, tenue au Yémen au cours de la période du 18 mars 2013 au 25 janvier 2014. L’analyse du corpus a démontré que les locuteurs-politiciens ont accordé à ce phénomène un rôle majeur, au niveau sémantique autant que pragmatique, dans leurs allocutions
- …
