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22 research outputs found

Understanding women's self-promotion detriments: the backlash avoidance model

Author: Moss-Racusin Corinne Alison, 1983-
Publication venue
Publication date: 2011
Field of study

Although self-promotion is necessary for career success, women experience backlash (i.e., social and economic penalties) for this behavior because it violates female gender stereotypes (Rudman, 1998). Moreover, women who fear backlash have difficulty with self-promotion, relative to men (Moss-Racusin & Rudman, 2010). The goal of this dissertation was to test the author’s backlash avoidance model (BAM), with the expectation that women’s beliefs that self-promotion violates female gender stereotypes lead them to fear backlash for this behavior, which in turn undermines their self-promotion abilities. Moreover, it was expected that the relationship between fear of backlash and self-promotion success would be at least partially mediated by self-regulatory focus (Crowe & Higgins, 1997) and perceived entitlement (Babcock & Laschever, 2003). To examine these ideas, Study 1 (N = 300) compared male and female participants’ performance on an essay-writing self-promotion task. As expected, women reported higher levels of fear of backlash and lower levels of self-promotion success than men. Gender differences were also observed for the mediator variables, such that women experienced less promotion focus and entitlement and more prevention focus than men. Additionally, results of structural equation modeling (SEM) supported a modified BAM, whereby gender was found to predict fear of backlash (replacing the perceived gender stereotypicality of self-promotion). As expected, fear of backlash then interrupted women’s self-promotion success, via reduced promotion focus and entitlement, and enhanced prevention focus. Study 2 examined the consequences of this process by testing self-promoting women’s propensity to enact backlash against other female self-promoters. Female participants (N = 115) self-promoted during a videotaped mock job interview before making judgments of other self-promoters. Results were not supportive of predictions that women who self-promoted well would not penalize another self-promoting woman. Moreover, in contrast to extensive previous research (see Rudman & Phelan, 2008, for a summary), there was no evidence of backlash against female self-promoting targets (both among participants who completed the self-promotion task and those in a control condition who simply rated the self-promoting targets). Possible explanations for these null results, as well as implications of the BAM for women’s professional advancement, are discussed.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Corinne Alison Moss-Racusi

Rutgers University Community Repository

Self-promotion vs. backlash prevention: regulatory focus and gender differences in self-advocacy

Author: Moss-Racusin Corinne Alison
Publication venue
Publication date: 2008
Field of study

Considerable evidence has shown that, relative to men, women are less effective at self-advocacy, despite its importance for closing the gender gap in professional success. Women fear backlash for counterstereotypical behavior (such as self-promotion, which violates prescriptions for female communality), and engage in defensive strategies designed to avoid it (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004). No research has tested the effects of fear of backlash on performance (e.g., self-advocacy). To address this gap, I propose that backlash threat leads to an inhibitory prevention focused self-regulatory style (Crowe & Higgins, 1997) that subsequently interferes with women's self-advocacy ability. In contrast, because self-advocacy behavior does not violate masculine prescriptive stereotypes, I expect that men will not experience fear of backlash; as a result, they will employ a successful promotion focused regulatory style, and demonstrate greater self-advocacy ability. Experiment 1 validated the usage of a lexical decision task to implicitly assess acute regulatory focus. Experiment 2 tested my focal hypotheses by comparing male and female participants on a self or peer-advocacy task. Results did not support the hypothesized gender differences or the predictive utility of the proposed model. However, for self-advocating women, the model performed as expected, such that threat of backlash lead to lowered ability to employ a useful promotion focused regulatory style, resulting in diminished advocacy ability. Implications for future research and women's self-advocacy abilities, as well as limitations of the research, are discussed.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-68)

Rutgers University Community Repository

A Comparison of Clinicians’ Racial Biases in the United States and France

Author: Corinne Alison Moss-Racusin
Corinne Moss-Racusin
Sylvia Perry
Natalia Khosla
Sara Emily Burke
John Dovidio
Publication venue
Publication date: 16/07/2022
Field of study

Rationale: Clinician bias contributes to racial disparities in healthcare, but its effects may be indirect and culturally specific. Objective: The present work aims to investigate clinicians’ perceptions of Black versus White patients’ personal responsibility for their health, whether this predicts racial bias against Black patients, and whether this effect differs between the U.S. and France. Method: American (N = 83) and French (N = 81) clinicians were randomly assigned to report their impressions of an identical Black or White male patient based on a physician’s notes. We measured clinicians’ views of the patient’s anticipated improvement and adherence to treatment and their perceptions concerning how personally responsible the patient was for his health. Results: Whereas French clinicians did not exhibit significant racial bias on the measures of interest, American clinicians rated a hypothetical White patient, compared to an identical Black patient, as significantly more likely to improve, adhere to treatment, and be personally responsible for his health. Moreover, in the U.S., personal responsibility mediated the racial difference in expected improvement, such that as the White patient was seen as more personally responsible for his health, he was also viewed as more likely to improve. Conclusion: The present work indicates that American clinicians displayed less optimistic expectations for the medical treatment and health of a Black male patient, relative to a White male patient, and that this racial bias was related to their view of the Black patient as being less personally responsible for his health relative to the White patient. French clinicians did not show this pattern of racial bias, suggesting the importance of considering cultural influences for understanding racial biases in healthcare and health

Crossref

PsyArxiv

Centro Universitário Farias Brito: FB UNI Portal de Periódicos

Parental education and children's schooling outcomes : is the effect nature, nurture, or both? evidence from recomposed families in Rwanda

Author: de Walque Damien
Publication venue
Publication date
Field of study

Educated parents tend to have educated children. But is intergenerational transmission of human capital more nature, more nurture, or both? The author uses household survey data from Rwanda that contains a large proportion of children living in households without their biological parents. The data allows him to separate genetic from environmental parental influences. The nonrandom placement of children is controlled by including the educational attainment of the absent biological parents and the type of relationship that links the children to their"adoptive"families. The results of the analysis suggest that the nurture component of the intergenerational transmission of human capital is important for both parents, contrary to recent evidence proposed by Behrman and Rosenzweig (2002) and Plug (2004). The author concludes that mothers’ education had no environmental impact on children’s schooling. Interestingly, mothers’ education matters more for girls, while fathers’ education is more important for boys. Finally, an important policy recommendation in the African context emerges from the analysis: the risk for orphans or abandoned children to lose ground in their schooling achievements is minimized if they are placed with relatives.Children and Youth,Public Health Promotion,Population&Development,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Social Development,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Youth and Governance,Street Children,Population&Development,Children and Youth

Research Papers in Economics

Engaging the manuscript: new editions and reading the 'whole book' in Chetham's Library MS 8009

Author: Kim-McLean Katherine Mary
Publication venue
Publication date: 2009
Field of study

This thesis considers the intersection of the manuscript and its literature through an examination of the late fifteenth century manuscript, Chetham’s Library 8009 (Mun. A.6.31) and provides four diplomatic editions. This manuscript contains fourteen texts in Middle English including romance, hagiography, courtesy literature, and a comic text. This thesis argues for the importance of reading medieval literature in its manuscript context. Although there is a growing trend to consider the ‘whole book’ and integrate analysis of the material artefact with interpretation, much work remains to be done. In Part I, this thesis presents a new paradigm for reading medieval literature, and argues that the manuscript forms a very literal community of texts, and that each text acts as a co-creator of meaning with the others. It then demonstrates four brief contextual readings that may be made within Chetham 8009 across generic boundaries, and that produce a shift in interpretive focus . Part II provides four diplomatic editions from Chetham 8009: the Life of St Katherine, the Liber Catonis, John Russell’s Book of Carving and Nurture, and the Book of the Duke and Emperor. This thesis aims to contribute to the study of medieval literature by arguing for a methodological shift in the way the literature is approached and by providing access to four texts either previously unedited or not easily accessible

White Rose E-theses Online

“Why MANtoring is not the solution. A Rebuttal to ‘The association between early career informal mentorship in academic collaborations and junior author performance.’”

Author: Alison Ledgerwood
Denise Sekaquaptewa
Corinne Moss-Racusin
Aneeta Rattan
Susanne Ressl
Judith M. Harackiewicz
Dustin Thoman
Mary C. Murphy
Franco Pestilli
Patricia Mabry
Nilanjana Dasgupta
Jessi L. Smith
Sylvia Perry
Lora Park
Xiaoran Yan
Kate Ratliff
Amanda B. Diekman
Stephanie A. Fryberg
Publication venue
Publication date: 2020
Field of study

The findings of AlShebli Makovi & Rahwan1 highlight an endemic problem in science: co-authoring with men is associated with greater numbers of citations for junior scientists than co-authoring with women. The reasons for this likely stem from a long history and culture in science where White, straight, cisgender men are the dominant force. Under the authors’ assumption that authorship is equal to mentorship (a notion we criticize below), the reported citation disparity by coauthor gender for junior scientists may simply reflect that under the current status quo there are more barriers for women to establish strong mentorship programs and secure resources to support their mentees compared to men. In other words, citation disparity is the problem, not the solution as proposed by the authors. We argue that the citation disparity is uncorrelated with mentorship and the quality of the publication. Unfortunately, AlShebli Makovi & Rahwan err in their publication in two ways: they define mentorship as co-authorship (albeit with conditions), and they prescribe the problem as a solution suggesting that junior scientists, especially women, ought to be mentored by men - a proposal we have aptly named “MANtoring”. These faulty interpretations and conclusions reveal a broader problem in scholarship: failure to critically examine structural biases and assumptions when evaluating and interpreting data showing disparity. Much work is needed to improve the culture of science and to provide a more fair and equitable environment for individuals of any background (women in this case, but a similar reasoning would apply to people historically marginalized based on gender, race, sexuality, class, and other dimensions) to thrive2. The AlShebli et al article is a wakeup call to authors in all disciplines to take greater care in interpreting and acting on their disparity data. Failure to do so could have catastrophic effects on science including the irony of exacerbating the very problems researchers are attempting to address

PsyArxiv

Abstracts & Author Biographies for Textile Society of America, \u3ci\u3e15th Biennial Symposium (2016): Crosscurrents: Land, Labor, and the Port\u3c/i\u3e

Author
Publication venue
Publication date: 2016
Field of study

Dr. Heather J Abdelnur, Ph.D. Reena Aggarwal Patricia Alvarez Cecilia Anderson Emily Anderson Lynne Anderson Jaiya A Anka Adebowale Biodun Areo and Margaret Olugbemisola Areo Margaret Olugbemisola Areo and Adebowale Biodun Areo David Arrellanes Jenny Balfour-Paul Suzi Ballenger Ruth Barnes Jody Benjamin Carole F. Bennett Julie Berman Noga Bernstein Medha Bhatt Amy Bogansky Elaine Bourque Laurie A Brewer Carrie Brezine Donna Brown Sarah S. Broomfield Susan Brown Heather R Buechler Shelby A Burchett Tara R Bursey Bonnie S. Carter Nynne J Christoffersen Laura Cochrane Lia Cook Françoise Cousin Jamie Credle Maria Curtis Pamela I Cyril-Egware Sonja K Dahl Mary Lou Davis Virginia Davis Deborah Deacon Alejandro B. de Avila Corinne Debaine-Francfort Amanda J Denham Sophie Desrosiers Sophie Desrosiers & Corinne Debaine-Francfort Sudha Dhingra Textile Crafts of India Katharine A. Diuguid Sharon Donnan Frances Dorsey and Robin E. Muller Sharmila Dua Maximilien Durand Mercedes Durant Philippe Dwyer and Rebecca. A. Zerby Eiluned M Edwards Benjamin Ehlers Catharine Ellis Deborah L Emmett Emily A. Engel and Maya Stanfield-Mazzi Leila Eslami Shirazi Faegheh Sarah E. Fee Andrea V Feeser Blenda Femenías Chriztine Foltz Cynthia Fowler Kate Frederick Gao Xia Carolina Gana and Lynne Jenkins Amalia Ramírez Garayza Jenny Garwood Alison A. Gates Surabhi Ghosh Rachel Green Gaby Greenlee Anu H Gupta and Shalina Mehta Thea Haines Louise Hamby and Valerie Kirk Karen Hampton Michaela Hansen Donna Hardy Joan G Hart Kimberly Hart Andrea M. Heckman Sandra L Heffernan Jan Heister Sarah Held Angela Hennesy Ines Hinojosa and Laurie Wilkins Memory Holloway Sylvia W Houghteling Kate Irvin Carol James Janis Jefferies Janis K Jefferies and Barbara Layne Lynne Jenkins and Carolina EunKyung (E.K.) Jeong Donald Clay Johnson Susan Kaiser and Minjung E Lee Jean L Kares Anjali Karolia Hiroko Karuno Alice Kettle Rebecca J. Keyel Valerie Kirk and Louise Hamby Jeana Eve Klein Sirpa Kokko and Riikka H Räisänen Studia Vernacula Deborah E Kraak Sumru B Krody Wendy S Landry Eleanor A Laughlin Minjung E Lee and Susan Kaiser V Margaret L Leininger Margaret L Leininger Tasha Lewis and Helen Trejo The Cultivator Transactions of the New York Agricultural Society The National Wool Grower American Sheep Industry Christina Lindholm Christina Lindholm Mary A Littrell David Loranger and Eulanda Sanders Shannon C Ludington Joanne Lukacher Caitrin Lynch Suzanne P MacAulay Louise M Macul Jane A Malcolm-Davies Kathleen Mangan Lavanya Mani Diana Marks Dawn G. Marsh Christine Martens Marcella Martin Bettina L Matzkuhn Suzanne H McDowell Julia McHugh MacKenzie Moon Ryan Anu H Gupta and Shalina Mehta Karina R Melati Perette E Michelli Eric Mindling Kate Mitchell Rebecca J Summerour and Dana Moffett Robin Muller and Frances Dorsey Hiroshi Murase Vasantha Muthian Willian Nassu Jeff Neale Sumiyo Okumura Fannie Ouyang Ava B Pandiani Slit Tapestry Red/Green Raksha Parekh Teresa A Paschke Pooja R. Pawar Karin E Peterson and Leisa Rundquist Amanda H Phillips Everyday Luxuries Paul Pressly Amy Putansu Riikka H Räisänen and Sirpa Kokko Uthra D Rajgopal Annie Ringuedé Kirsty M Robertson Lesli Robertson Regina A Root Nancy B Rosoff Ann P Rowe Leisa Rundquist and Karin E Peterson Katie M Sabo Stephanie Sabo Shohrat S. Saiyed Eulanda Sanders and David Loranger and Donna R. Danielson Laura I Sansone Joan Saverino Jessica L. Shaykett Jess Sheehan Lacy M Simkowitz Ruth Katzenstein Souza Carmela Spinelli Jeffrey C Splitstoser Maya Stanfield-Mazzi and Emily A. Engel Kathleen A Staples Laurie Carlson Steger Brooks Harris Stevens Cathy Stevulak Rebecca J Summerour and Dana Moffett Maleyne M Syracuse Helen Trejo and Tasha Lewis Kelly Thompson Linda J Thorsen Lynn C Tinley Tomoko Torimaru Helen Trejo Marta D. Turok Deborah Valoma Lisa M VandenBerghe Storm Janse van Rensburg Pauline M Verbeek-Cowart Belinda J. von Mengersen Lisa Vinebaum Yoshiko Wada Mary E Walker Sera J Waters Melinda Watt Marcia Weiss Susanna White Namita Wiggers Laurie Wilkins and Ines Hinojosa Robin B. Williams Liz Williamson Kathleen Curtis Wilson Christine A Wiltshier Charlotte Wittmann Sarah J Worden Ayşem Yanar Rebecca A. Zerby and Philippe Dwyer Callen Zimmerman Stephanie Zollinger Martha Zunig

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

Abstracts & Author Biographies for Textile Society of America, \u3ci\u3e15th Biennial Symposium (2016): Crosscurrents: Land, Labor, and the Port\u3c/i\u3e

Author
Publication venue
Publication date: 2016
Field of study

The intimacy which is knowledge : female friendship in the novels of women writers

Author: Frith Gill
Publication venue
Publication date
Field of study

The thesis offers a historical account of the representation of friendship in the novels of English women writers from the nineteenth century to the present. Questioning the prevalent understanding of the history of women's friendship in terms of a single major rupture, from nineteenth-century 'innocence' to twentieth-century 'guilt', the thesis identifies narrative configurations which recur throughout this, period, and which define friendship as a formative learning experience integrally related to the acquisition of gendered identity. It concludes that there can be no final and 'perfect' representation of friendship, since the nature of the "knowledge' shared has continually shifted in relation to changing understandings of femininity. Chapter 1 identifies the origins and nature of the Victorian concept of the "second self", in which the friend acts as the mirror of, and means of access to, an idealised female subjectivity. Chapter 2 analyses the ways in which this concept informs the narrative patterns and rituals in Victorian fictions of friendship. Chapter 3 offers a new reading of novels by Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot and Charlotte Bronte, in which the conventions identified in Chapter 2 are adapted to question the existing boundaries of feminine identity. Chapter 4 examines the impact of changes in women's education upon the representation of friendship in turn-of-the-century feminist and anti-feminist novels, and in a new genre, the school story for girls. Chapter 5 shows that the scientific construct of lesbianism produced a new distinction between the 'healthy' and the 'unhealthy' relationship, but that the terms of this distinction were contested; in twentieth-century novels of the 'gyriaeceum', the tradition continues, but is newly eroticised. Chapter 6 looks at friendship as 'revision' in recent English and American novels, in which earlier configurations are redeployed in the light of contemporary feminist concern to recuperate and re-imagine the past

Warwick Research Archives Portal Repository

In the Shadow of Night: Sleeping and Dreaming and Their Technical Rôles in Shakespearian Drama

Author: KRAJNIK FILIP
Publication venue
Publication date: 01/01/2013
Field of study

This thesis aims to demonstrate the variety of ways in which sleep and dreams are employed in Shakespeare’s dramatic canon. Using a historical perspective, the work primarily examines the functions of these motifs within the design of the plays: how they contribute to the structure and unity of the works, how they assist in delineating some of the individual characters, and how they shape the atmosphere of specific dramatic situations. This kind of analysis requires an understanding of the cultural and intellectual contexts in which the fictitious representations of these phenomena were originally written and received. For this reason, the present thesis also offers a historical and cultural background, outlining the social character of the phenomena of sleep and dreams in early modern England and the history of their employment in pre-Shakespearian literature. Where relevant, the use of these motifs in the works of Shakespeare’s contemporaries is also studied. The Introduction to the thesis summarizes the current state of knowledge of the topic and defines the present author’s approach to the research question. The first chapter discusses dream literature as a genre, its themes and development before Shakespeare’s time. The second chapter analyses the dramatic functions of a sleeping character on the stage in Shakespeare’s drama and how this image developed from the dramatist’s early plays to his later and more mature works. It examines how the motif affects the image of the character in question, but also how it influences the immediate dramatic context. A special section is devoted to the topos of dreams and its use as a characterization device. The third chapter deals with fictitious dream prophecies and their technical functions in Shakespeare’s plays. Again, the chapter follows the motif from the early stages of Shakespeare’s dramatic career to his last plays, trying to determine both its staple functions and changes in its employment. The last chapter addresses the dramatic image of the night as a time in which sleeping and dreaming – but also other typically dark enterprises – occur. A special section is devoted to Shakespeare’s use of the death-as-sleep metaphor and its dramatic implications

Durham e-Theses