1,721,008 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Canada’s Early contributions to Plasmonics
Get PDFThe field of plasmonics -- the study of collective electrons excitation in nanostructured metal and other conductors -- is currently highly active with research foci in a number of related fields including plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies, and plasmon-mediated photochemical and photocatalytic processes through which the energy stored temporarily as plasmons can be used to enable and/or accelerate photochemistry. This enhancement is accomplished either by the action of the large optical fields produced in the vicinity of plasmonic nanostructures, or mediated by the energetic electrons and holes surviving transiently following the dephasing of the plasmon. This article traces the early contributions to the foundation of the current field of plasmonics by two scientists working in Canada in the early 1970â s: J. P. Marton at McMaster University, and Welwyn Corporation; and the current author while he was at the University of Toronto.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
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Towards Plasmonic Solar to Fuel Conversion
Get PDFThe need to renewably store and utilize energy from chemical bonds has grown with recent economic and environmental concerns. Plasmonically-enabled devices have shown promise in various photosynthetic processes due to their scalable, cost-effective, and robust performance. Utilizing charge carriers derived from localized surface plasmons, these devices can drive various photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions, however at limited efficiencies due to incomplete solar absorption. To improve broadband solar absorption in wide bandgap semiconductors, the plasmon resonance of different metal nanostructures in the visible are synthesized using anodic and sol-gel templating methods. Preliminary results suggest that gold nanoparticles and helical metal nanowires are well suited for photosensitization of titania for visible light absorption. Characterization by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that these templated methods can be utilized as the basis for synthesizing a variety of photoelectrochemical devices as well as unique plasmonic materials for applications including energy storage, sensing, and catalysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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Redox-Enhanced Electrochemical Capacitors: Electrolyte Design and Device Engineering
Get PDFElectrochemical energy storage is increasingly important as the world decarbonizes and electrifies. Research in this area requires compromise between properties that are often mutually exclusive, including power, energy, lifetime, efficiency, operating temperature, safety, and cost. Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) exhibit high power and outstanding cycle life compared to secondary batteries, but have low specific energy, limiting applications. Redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitors (redox ECs) are a class of augmented electric double-layer capacitors utilizing reversible redox reactions of soluble redox couples in the electrolyte to add faradaic charge storage. These systems offer increased energy density, efficient power delivery, and simple construction. We study a range of redox-active electrolytes to clarify operating mechanisms and formalize design rules for high-performance. Our investigations focus on dual-redox ECs, which attain higher energy density by employing a pair of distinct redox couples, with each operating at a different electrode. Simplicity is important both in terms of the mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical redox chemistry and for system cost considerations. A single ionic molecular entity that intrinsically delivers both distinct redox couples is preferable over two separate redox-active electrolytes. In this context, we have identified specific viologen bromide salts as particularly promising aqueous redox-active electrolytes for dual-redox ECs. While charging, Br– is oxidized to Br3– at the positive electrode and the viologen dication (V2+) is reduced to the stable monocation radical (V+•) at the negative electrode. The reverse processes occur during discharge, providing a high-capacity faradaic discharge plateau and attaining an energy density of ~20 Wh/L. The viologen bromide system shows unusually high Coulombic efficiency and low self-discharge rates for an aqueous redox-EC. This was initially attributed to strong adsorption of the Br3– and V+• to the activated carbon electrodes, but a more detailed analysis confirms that the behavior is due to two electroprecipitation mechanisms. In these mechanisms, each ion acts as a charge-storing redox couple at one electrode and as a complexing agent at the other electrode. The processes are highly reversible and cells show negligible capacity fade even after 20,000 cycles. The devices use conventional activated carbon electrodes, and because crossover is not a concern and self-discharge is suppressed, a simple inexpensive cellulose separator is sufficient and more costly ion-selective membranes are not required. Based on our understanding of solid complexation in redox ECs, we studied in detail the confinement of charged redox species in porous electrodes with liquid-to-solid phase transitions to mitigate self-discharge. We demonstrate that in addition to viologens, tetrabutylammonium cations induce reversible solid complexation of Br2/Br3–. This mechanism slows cross-diffusion of Br3–, stabilizes the reactive bromine generated during charging, and can be broadly used as a positive electrode to balance the capacity of a wide variety of pseudocapacitive or battery-type negative electrodes. In the final component of this work we consider the challenges of scaling up these systems for practical application. We address corrosion of metallic current collectors, which is a common device design challenge for high-power aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices, by designing a bipolar pouch cell using electrochemically stable carbon-polymer composite current collectors. In order to show the versatility of this approach, we construct a high-power redox EC/battery hybrid using a zinc metal anode and an activated carbon cathode with tetrabutylammonium-complexed bromide catholyte. This system achieves excellent power and energy performance, with negligible capacity degradation over more than 3000 cycles.Throughout the dissertation we compare the performance and properties of our dual redox ECs to those of the current state-of-the-art conventional energy storage systems and other redox-enhanced energy storage systems and we close with comments on economic analysis and the future of redox enhanced electrochemical capacitors
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