18 research outputs found
LEGAL STATUS «IULTESH» IN CUSTOMARY LAW BY CHECHENS
No full textThis publication examines the legal status of a patron of shepherds denoted by Chechens in customary law, the
term «Iultesh», discovered by employees of the Scientific and Educational Center for Nakh Studies of ChSPU
during the collection of field materials from residents of s. Bashan-Kali, Itum-Kalinsky District, Chechen Republic. The author, analyzing the collected material, came to the conclusion that with this social and legal term
the residents of the Galanchogsky, Shatoisky, Sharoysky and Itum-Kalinsky districts of the Chechen Republic
designated an elected and paid position of a shepherd’s patron
Corrigendum to “The bioacoustic soundscape of a pandemic: Continuous annual monitoring using a deep learning system in Agmon Hula Lake Park”
No full textSupplementary document for The all-optical Stern-Gerlach effect in the time domain - 6828128.pdf
No full textMathematical analysi
Procreation in the Sephardic Jewish Communities of Istanbul, Salonica, and Izmir from 1500–1850
No full textThe desire to raise a family with as many children as possible was a major aspiration of Jewish families in the Ottoman Empire for centuries. Many halakhic responses and other sources address this subject and its impact on Jewish families and society. This paper reviews how Sephardic Jewish society in the Ottoman cities of Istanbul, Izmir and Salonica (Thessaloniki) grappled with the reality of barren men and women – which was quite common – from 1500-1850, and how Jewish courts resolved cases that involved men’s requests to marry a second wife in order to fulfill the commandment of procreation. It discusses how the desire to procreate was realized through the institution of marriage, the undesirability of single life, the age at marriage, yibum (levirate marriage), women’s desire for children, the impact of kabbalah on fulfillment of the commandments, contraception, fertility treatments, the effect of child mortality on parents, and how the longing for children affected the private life of prominent [email protected] University, IsraelAmado Rabbi Y.Y., O’halei yehuda [responsa], Salonica 1821.Amarillio Rabbi A., Penei aharon [responsa], Salonica 1796.Amarillio Rabbi M., Devar moshe [responsa], Vol. 3, Salonica 1750.Amarillio Rabbi S., Kerem shlomo [responsa], Salonica 1719.Aminoah N., R. Shelomo Duran’s Solution of Matrimonial Problems in the Algerian Jewish Community, “Te’euda” 1997, no. 13 (Hebrew).Assis Y.T, Sexual Behavior in Medieval Hispano-Jewish Society, [in:] Jewish History, Essays in Honor of Ch. Abramsky, A. Rapoport-Albert, S.Z. 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Bartal I, I. Gafni (Eds.), Jerusalem 1998 (Hebrew).Cohen J., Be Fertile and Increase, Fill the Earth and Master It. The Ancient and Medieval Career of a Biblical Text, New York 1989.Covo Rabbi Y. H, Kochav me-yaakov [responsa], Salonica 1915.Crespin Rabbi Moshe Mordechai, Maim kedoshim, Vol. 2, Izmir 1852.Crespin Rabbi Y., Shemo yitzhak [responsa], Smyrna: Haim Abraham 1893.De Medina Rabbi S, Maharashdam [responsa], Lvov 1862.Di Toledo Rabbi E, Mishnat rabbi eliezer [responsa], Vol. 1, Salonica: Bezalel Halevi Ashkenazi 1853; Vol. 2, Smyrna: Roditi 1865.Donohue J. 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Sentencing Jews to work on Ottoman Naval Ships and in Forced Labor at the Imperial Arsenal from the Early 16th Century to 1839
No full textThe purpose of the article is to discuss punishments of kürek, i.e., penal servitude on the galleys, and forced labor at the Imperial Arsenal (Tersâne-i Amire), imposed on Jewish men by kadis and Ottoman governors during the 16th-19th centuries in the Ottoman Empire. The kürek (lit. “oar”) punishment was inflicted for serious crimes, e.g., adultery, heresy, prostitution, and coin-clipping, as well as other grave offenses for which the Shari'ah/Kanon prescribed the death penalty. At times it was also administered for lesser crimes. We learn that this punishment was administered particularly when the Ottoman navy needed more working hands, mainly after the Battle of Lepanto in October 1571 and during the campaign for the conquest of Crete in the 1660s. This punishment was meted out mainly to Jewish offenders from Istanbul and Izmir. The article discusses the execution of these punishments in light of many sources and draws conclusions in the light of extensive research literature. It devotes extensive discussion to the attitude of Jewish leaders, Jewish courts of law and individual Jews to these penalties both in theory and in [email protected] University, IsraelABCFM (American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Mission) Annual Report, Boston 1810-1918.Abarham ben Avigdor R., Zachor le-avraham, Responsa, Istanbul 1827.Barnai J., Izmir, hamarah shel eropa (Smyrna, the Microcosmos of Europe), Jerusalem 2014.Bashan E., Sheviya u-pedut bayam hatichon, 1391-1830 (Captivity and Ransom in Mediterranean Jewish Society (1391-1830), Ramat Gan 1980.Bashan E., Mehkerei eliezer (Eliezer's researches), Lod 2007.Benayahu M., Hayachasim bein yehudei Yavan ve-Italia (Relations Between Greek and Italian Jewry), Tel Aviv 1980.Benayahu M., 'Igeret hasofer rabbi Abraham Hassan me-salonika', Sefunot 11 (1971-1977).Benbeneste R.H., Keneset hagedola, Hoshen Mishpat, Izmir 1731.Benbeneste R.M., Penei Moshe, Responsa, 3, Istanbul 1719.Ben-Na'eh Y., Jews in the Realm of the Sultans, Tubingen 2008.Bornstein-Makovetsky L., Adultery and Punishment among Jews in the Ottoman Empire, “JLAS” 2014, no 25.Bornstein-Makovetsky L., Extramarital Relations among Jews in the Ottoman Empire, “Miscellanea Historico Iuridica” 2014, vol. 13, no 2.Bornstein-Makovetsky L., Ottoman and Jewish Authorities Facing Issues of Prostitution and Adultery: 1700-1900, “International Journal of the Jurisprudent of the Family” 2013, no 4.Bornstein-Makovetsky L., Protestant Missionaries to the Communities of Istanbul, Salonika and Izmir, Istanbul 2019.Bornstein-Makovetsky L., Blood Money and Retaliation in Criminal Law in the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries as Found in Jewish Society, in Fleishman (Joseph), ed., “The Jewish Law Association” 2008, no 18.Bosworth C. 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On peptide bond formation, translocation, nascent protein progression and the regulatory properties of ribosomes - Delivered on 20 October 2002 at the 28th FEBS Meeting in Istanbul
No full textHigh-resolution crystal structures of large ribosomal subunits from Deinococcus radiodurans complexed with tRNA-mimics indicate that precise substrate positioning, mandatory for efficient protein biosynthesis with no further conformational rearrangements, is governed by remote interactions of the tRNA helical features. Based on the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) architecture, on the placement of tRNA mimics, and on the existence of a two-fold related region consisting of about 180 nucleotides of the 23S RNA, we proposed a unified mechanism integrating peptide bond formation, A-to-P site translocation, and the entrance of the nascent protein into its exit tunnel. This mechanism implies sovereign, albeit correlated, motions of the tRNA termini and includes a spiral rotation of the A-site tRNA-3' end around a local two-fold rotation axis, identified within the PTC. PTC features, ensuring the precise orientation required for the A-site nucleophilic attack on the P-site carbonyl-carbon, guide these motions. Solvent mediated hydrogen transfer appears to facilitate peptide bond formation in conjunction with the spiral rotation. The detection of similar two-fold symmetry-related regions in all known structures of the large ribosomal subunit, indicate the universality of this mechanism, and emphasizes the significance of the ribosomal template for the precise alignment of the substrates as well as for accurate and efficient translocation. The symmetry-related region may also be involved in regulatory tasks, such as signal transmission between the ribosomal features facilitating the entrance and the release of the tRNA molecules. The protein exit tunnel is an additional feature that has a role in cellular regulation. We showed by crystallographic methods that this tunnel is capable of undergoing conformational oscillations and correlated the tunnel mobility with sequence discrimination, gating and intracellular regulation
Ribosomal crystallography: peptide bond formation and its inhibition
No full textRibosomes, the universal cellular organelles catalyzing the translation of genetic code into proteins, are protein/RNA assemblies, of a molecular weight 2.5 mega Daltons or higher. They are built of two subunits that associate for performing protein biosynthesis. The large subunit creates the peptide bond and provides the path for emerging proteins. The small has key roles in initiating the process and controlling its fidelity.
Crystallographic studies on complexes of the small and the large eubacterial ribosomal subunits with substrate analogs, antibiotics, and inhibitors confirmed that the ribosomal RNA governs most of its activities, and indicated that the main catalytic contribution of the ribosome is the precise positioning and alignment of its substrates, the tRNA molecules.
A symmetry-related region of a significant size, containing about two hundred nucleotides, was revealed in all known structures of the large ribosomal subunit, despite the asymmetric nature of the ribosome. The symmetry rotation axis, identified in the middle of the peptide-bond formation site, coincides with the bond connecting the tRNA double-helical features with its single-stranded 3 end, which is the moiety carrying the amino acids. This thus implies sovereign movements of tRNA features and suggests that tRNA translocation involves a rotatory motion within the ribosomal active site.
This motion is guided and anchored by ribosomal nucleotides belonging to the active site walls, and results in geometry suitable for peptide-bond formation with no significant rearrangements. The sole geometrical requirement for this proposed mechanism is that the initial P-site tRNA adopts the flipped orientation.
The rotatory motion is the major component of unified machinery for peptide-bond formation, translocation, and nascent protein progression, since its spiral nature ensures the entrance of the nascent peptide into the ribosomal exit tunnel. This tunnel, assumed to be a passive path for the growing chains, was found to be involved dynamically in gating and discrimination
"From water every living thing" : water mills, irrigation and agriculture in the Bilād al-Shām : perspectives on history, architecture, landscape and society, 1100-1850AD
No full textThis work explores the role of the watermill in the history and society of Jordan, Syria and Cyprus from the 12th to the 19th century. Previous studies in this area have been limited, and have usually assumed the watermills in the Levant to date from the Ottoman period. This work aims to suggest that many of the mills still extant today in fact date from an earlier period. A review of the historical documentation and archaeological material is the main background of this study, while an examination of the watermills themselves aims to provide a permanent record of these before they disappear due to rural and urban development. A review of available reference material regarding the role of the mill in Levantine economy and society from the medieval to late Ottoman periods emphasises the importance of the watermill in rural and urban areas of the Levant in a historical period of fluctuating economic stability. The reference material consists mainly of historical accounts by travellers and chroniclers, legal documents such as treaties, charters and waqf documents, as well as archaeological, environmental and socioeconomic studies of the Levant from the medieval to the early modem period. The broad nature of this study aims to form a basis for future research with a more detailed focus in these disciplines
Microalgae flocculation and sedimentation by physico-chemical property exploitation
No full textThe purpose of this research was to characterise the physical properties of microalgae, as a function of growth and suspension conditions, to enable exploitation of these characteristics for improved separation whilst allowing for water recycle
Identification of Selected Ribosomal Components in Crystallographic Maps of Prokaryotic Ribosomal Subunits at Medium Resolution
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