1,721,004 research outputs found
Managing and Governing Integrated Research Programmes: Lessons from Organizational Studies
No full textTo solve complex problems, researchers are increasingly working in large, integrated research programmes. Integration of projects within a single programme rather than supporting a range of individual, more autonomous projects, is supposed to lead to several benefits, including: creating and enhancing synergies amongst projects, improving collaboration and knowledge exchanges amongst researchers from different disciplines, realizing efficiency gains, and generating a higher return on investments in R&D. However, often these advantages are insufficiently realized in practice and large-scale integrated programs instead incur high overhead costs, frustrate researchers, and realize insufficient integration and collaboration. Why do integrated programmes sometimes fail to realize their lofty ambitions? In the present paper, we use the literature on governance, management studies, and organizational economics to analyse several key problems plaguing integrated programmes. We argue that these problems can be linked to the implementation of programme management systems and coordination mechanisms that are poorly aligned with the unique characteristics of integrated programmes. We develop guidelines for funding agencies and programme managers to implement systems and mechanisms that are a better fit for purpose and that enhance collaboration.Air Transport & Operation
Towards a transdisciplinary approach to systemic risk detection
No full textSystemic risks are potentially harmful events, that could severely disrupt an entire industry or economy. Examples include the bankruptcy of keystone companies and biosecurity incursions. According to the United Nations, detecting and managing systemic risk represents one of the main challenges of the 21st century. Due to increasing complexity and interconnectedness of today's social-technological-biophysical systems, stakeholders relying on individual disciplines to systemic risk detection, or a combination of disciplines that are not well coordinated, will fail to promptly identify key early warning signals of threats. Our paper argues that transdisciplinary approaches are required to make comprehensive and integrative assessments of complex systems. To support stakeholders undertaking such assessments, we propose a framework that will assist them in: (1) better understanding their system and the risks to which it is exposed; (2) selecting complementary disciplines, theories and methods that are relevant to the system and risks in question; and (3) integrating knowledge from these different disciplines to detect a wide range of early warning signals of systemic risk. The framework can be used as a foundation to build transdisciplinary approaches to risk detection.Air Transport & Operation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Innovation Dynamics Between Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier-1 Suppliers in the Automotive Industry
No full textOver the past seven decades, the automotive supply chain has been restructured to a tiered system. OEMs and tier-1 suppliers innovate together through joint product development programs: each OEM has multiple suppliers working on different subsystems, and one supplier may offer similar subsystems to multiple OEMs. This work focuses on the relationship between OEM and tier-1 suppliers that focuses on both parties’ interests with a balance in the coexistence of competition and collaboration, using objective data sources. Treating the OEM, its tier-1 supplier, and the competitors in the whole product market as a system, a system-level quantitative study on the buyer-supplier relationship is conducted. A system dynamics (SD) model is proposed to describe the dynamics in an OEM-supplier relationship. To validate the model, the author collects non-subjective data and performs empirical studies on two subsystems – passive keyless entry (PKE) and high-speed transmission (HST) between the model years 2004 and 2021. The empirical studies validate the hypothesis that the outcomes of competitive and collaborative behaviors on the whole product competitiveness depend on market competition, which is reproducible by the model: when the market is stable, the more competitive party in a relationship has a better financial outcome; when the market is highly competitive, collaborative behaviors boost the long-term performance of the OEM-supplier ecosystem. The study also shows that the proposed model delivers accurate predictions with non-subjective inputs when heavy dependence is present in an OEM-supplier relationship.S.M
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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