155 research outputs found
The Implied Author in the literary works of Muhammad Naffa’
No full textتخوض المقالة مغامرة البحث في معنى المصطلح "كاتب ضمنيّ (Implied Author)، مفهومه وتجلّيه في أدب الكاتب الفلسطينيّ المحليّ محمّد نفّاع (1939). فرغم ما حظي به أدبه من مقالات نقديّة، إلّا أنّ أحدًا لم يتناول هذا الجانب ويبحثه بحثًا جادًّا متعمّقًا. وهي مقالة مُلخّصة لثمرة جهد دام ثلاث سنوات، قمنا خلالها ببحث طوليّ شموليّ تناول كلّ مجموعات نفّاع القصصيّة وعددها ست، ورواية فاطمة الصادرة عن دار راية للنشر عام 2015، والتي نُشرت في حلقات متفرّقة على موقع الجبهة، بالإضافة إلى كلّ ما نُشر من قصص متفرّقة في هذا الموقع الأخير[1] حتى شهر حزيران 2014.
تأتي هذه الدراسة لتؤكّد فكرة التّعالق الجماليّ والفكريّ في أدب نفّاع. فالقاصّ لا يلتقط معلومات عابرة ويُحوّلها إلى نصّ أدبيّ، إنّما نراه يخضع لعوامل تاريخيّة، فكريّة، أيديولوجيّة، فيفارق خلالها سطوح الأشياء ليصل إلى أعماقها، وبهذا يكون مطالبًا بإعادة صياغة المفاهيم والمعلومات ونسجها من جديد. الكاتب الضمنيّ، وهو وليد الكاتب الحقيقيّ وممثّله، بوصفه الأنا الثانية له، هو المرآة التي ستعكس لنا هذا التّعالق الجماليّ مع الفكريّ على وجه التحديد والتخصيص. وحتى يتحقق ذلك يتوجب علينا اقتفاء أثر الكاتب في النّص من خلال متابعتنا لمجالات خمسة: الكاتب وعلاقته بالزّمان، الكاتب وعلاقته بالمكان، الكاتب وعلاقته بالشخصيّات، الكاتب وعلاقته بالحدث، الكاتب وعلاقته بالراوي. فماذا نعني بالكاتب الضمنيّ والكاتب الحقيقيّ (The real author) ما العلاقة بينهما؟ متى ينوب الراوي عن الكاتب الحقيقيّ؟ وكيف يتجلى ذلك في نصوص نفّاع؟ كم من المؤلّف الحقيقيّ في المؤلّف الضمنيّ؟ على هذه الأسئلة البحثيّة ستتم الإجابة من خلال توضيح العلاقة بين الكاتب والمجالات الخمسة الآنف ذكرها، وتفسير كيفيّة انعكاس هذه العلاقة على الوظيفة التي يؤدّيها الكاتب الضمنيّ/ المُضمر في النّص الأدبيّ عند نفّاع.
*This article aims to examine the meaning and the context of the term "Implied Author" and how it is revealed in the literature of the local Palestinian writer Mohammad Naffa' (1939). Despite the vast amount of critical writing on Nafaa's literature, however, none has dealt or looked in depth into this aspect. The present article is accumulative work of a 3- year project in which we carried out a longitudinal holistic research studying all Naffa's story collections, 6 in number, and his novel "Fatima", published by Al-Raya Publishing in 2015, which had been earlier published as a series in Hadash website (Al-Ittihad literature section), in addition to all the randomly published stories in this website up till June 2014.
This study considers the idea of aesthetic and thematic interconnectivity in Nafaa's works, i.e., for the narrator does not simply pick his information randomly; he bides himself to historical and ideological factors where he departs the surface to dive into the depth of things, thus becoming self-demanding. He is obliged to re-construct and re-frame and re-shape the concepts and the information all a new.
The Implied Author is the author's construct and his representative by being his second Ego. He is the mirror that will reflect to us this aesthetic interconnectivity with the thematic one, in particular. In order for that to happen, we, readers, need to follow the traces of the writer in the text examining the following five domains: the writer and his relationship to Time, the writer and Place, the writer and the Characters and finally the writer and the Narrator. What do we then mean by Implied Author and Real Author? What is the relation between the two? When does the narrator represent the real writer? How is this revealed in Naffa's literature? To what extent does the real author exist in the implied author? All these research questions are discussed and answered putting the relationship between the writer and the five previously mentioned domains. Furthermore, the reflection of this relationship on the role done by the Implied Author in Naffa's literary text will be elaborated
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No full textThe use and value of Open Government Data (OGD) are gaining increasing attention from governments, corporations, and individuals. Governments have developed portals and started initiatives to share, promote and facilitate OGD interactions. The key objectives of the release of OGD by public entities are public responsibility, economic expansion, and operational and technical values. However, the potential of OGD is limited by the ability to reuse public data. Although OGD is becoming more available, the value realisation of OGD is hindered by its limited use. Within the OGD ecosystem, data intermediaries, especially Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs), have been playing a role within the OGD ecosystem, perhaps making OGD more usable for users. We assume that the barriers that are most likely to hinder the potential of OGD are more linked to the barriers to using OGD other than structural or provisioning barriers. 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