3,551 research outputs found
The Paediatric Foot
No full textThis special collection from selected articles published withinJournal of Foot and Ankle Research, both exemplifies the emerging body of evidence and illustrates the current gaps in the evidence for common clinical presentations viz. calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease), growing pains, flatfoot, and the impact of obesity. Edited by: Dr Angela Evans, Dr Stewart Morrison, Dr Cylie Williams. Guest editors: Angela M. Evans, Cylie M. Williams, Stewart C. Morriso
The Paediatric Foot
No full textThis special collection from selected articles published withinJournal of Foot and Ankle Research, both exemplifies the emerging body of evidence and illustrates the current gaps in the evidence for common clinical presentations viz. calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease), growing pains, flatfoot, and the impact of obesity. Edited by: Dr Angela Evans, Dr Stewart Morrison, Dr Cylie Williams. Guest editors: Angela M. Evans, Cylie M. Williams, Stewart C. Morriso
Foot and ankle problems in children and young people: a population-based cohort study
No full textThe aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology, presentation and healthcare use in primary care for foot and ankle problems in children and young people (CYP) across England. We undertook a population-based cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database, a database of anonymised electronic health records from general practices across England. Data was accessed for all CYP aged 0–18 years presenting to their general practitioner between January 2015 and December 2021 with a foot and/or ankle problem. Consultation rates were calculated and used to estimate numbers of consultations in an average practice. Hierarchical Poisson regression estimated relative rates of consultations across sociodemographic groups and logistic regression evaluated factors associated with repeat consultations. A total of 416,137 patients had 687,753 foot and ankle events, of which the majority were categorised as “musculoskeletal” (34%) and “unspecified pain” (21%). Rates peaked at 601 consultations per 10,000 patient-years among males aged 10–14 years in 2018. An average practice might observe 132 (95% CI 110 to 155) consultations annually. Odds for repeat consultations were higher among those with pre-existing diagnoses including juvenile arthritis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.03). Conclusions: Consultations for foot and ankle problems were high among CYP, particularly males aged 10 to 14 years. These data can inform service provision to ensure CYP access appropriate health professionals for accurate diagnosis and treatment
Mutations in the Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type III secretion system affect Atlantic salmon leucocyte activation and downstream immune responses
No full textDeletion mutants of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were used to determine the effect of the type three secretion system (TTSS) on Atlantic salmon anterior head kidney leucocytes (AHKL). One strain had a deletion in the outer membrane pore gene, ascC; and the other in three effector genes: aopO, aopH and aexT (we call this strain Δaop3). Host cell invasion success and 24h survival were depressed in ΔascC, as was 24h survival of Δaop3, when compared to the wild type strain. Challenge of AHKLs with A449 or TTSS mutants stimulated expression of the inflammatory mediators IL-8, IL-1 and TNFα at two bacterial concentrations (A600 0.1, 0.01). Expression of IL-12 was not stimulated in ΔascC challenged cells, whereas A449 and Δaop3 challenge resulted in an up-regulation of IL-12 in AHKLs, 2- and 4-fold higher than PBS, respectively. Only the wild type strain elicited a significant increase in IL-10 expression (5.5× at A600 0.1). Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and arginase (I+II) genes were also significantly up-regulated upon exposure to all strains. However, iNOS:arginase ratio was elevated in the effector mutant challenge. These results suggest that A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida may enhance survival within the host cell through polarization of macrophages/leucocytes to an alternative, rather than classical, activation state. Furthermore, the short-term survival and lack of T-cell signalling cytokine stimulation in ΔascC, may help explain its inefficiency at providing protection to subsequent wild type challenge.ID: S1050464809002988; M3: Article; Accession Number: S1050464809002988; Author: Mark D. Fast (a, ∗); Author: Brenda Tse (b); Author: Jessica M. Boyd (c); Author: Stewart C. Johnson (d); Affiliation: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000, USA; Affiliation: Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Affiliation: Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada; Keyword: Aeromonas salmonicida; Keyword: Type three secretion system; Keyword: Atlantic salmon; Keyword: SHK-1; Keyword: Gene expression; Keyword: Inflammation; Keyword: Activation; Keyword: Interleukin-1β; Keyword: (IL-1β); Keyword: Interleukin-10; Keyword: Interleukin-12; Number of Pages: 8; Language: English;Source type: Electronic(1
Millisecond accuracy video display using OpenGL under Linux
No full textTo measure people’s reaction times to the nearest millisecond, it is necessary to know exactly when
a stimulus is displayed. This article describes how to display stimuli with millisecond accuracy on a
normal CRT monitor, using a PC running Linux. A simple C program is presented to illustrate how this
may be done within X Windows using the OpenGL rendering system. A test of this system is reported
that demonstrates that stimuli may be consistently displayed with millisecond accuracy. An algorithm
is presented that allows the exact time of stimulus presentation to be deduced, even if there are relatively
large errors in measuring the display time
Dissimilarity is used as evidence of category membership in multidimensional perceptual categorization: a test of the similarity-dissimilarity generalized context model
No full textIn exemplar models of categorization, the similarity between an exemplar and category members constitutes evidence that the exemplar belongs to the category. We test the possibility that the dissimilarity to members of competing categories also contributes to this evidence. Data were collected from two 2-dimensional perceptual categorization experiments, one with lines varying in orientation and length and the other with coloured patches varying in saturation and brightness. Model fits of the similarity-dissimilarity generalized context model were used to compare a model where only similarity was used with a model where both similarity and dissimilarity were used. For the majority of participants the similarity-dissimilarity model provided both a significantly better fit and better generalization, suggesting that people do also use dissimilarity as evidence
Primary Care and Linked Secondary Care Encounters for Foot and Ankle Problems in Children and Young People: A Population‐Based Cohort Study in England
No full textBackground: In the United Kingdom, foot and ankle problems in children and young people are typically seen by the general practitioner in primary care and referred to secondary care or community services for specialist assessment and intervention. Following initial presentation to primary care, we have described the secondary care services accessed by children and young people with foot and ankle problems. We have also explored the sociodemographic variables associated with referrals to secondary care. Method: This was a population‐based cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum primary care database and linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) Outpatient database. We extracted data for all children and young people up to 18 years of age with a consultation for a foot and ankle problem from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2021 (CPRD) and included those with linked data in secondary care (HES database) in our analyses. Results: 346,454 children and young people aged 0–18 years were identified in CPRD and eligible for linkage; 5030 had at least one referral within 18 weeks. The most common reason for referral was musculoskeletal or unspecified pain and 2935 had a referral to trauma and orthopaedics, 1314 for paediatric services, 678 for physiotherapy and 274 for diagnostic imaging. Odds for referrals were higher among younger age groups (odds ratio (OR) 1.29 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.33). Those in other (OR 0.77 and 95%CI 0.72–0.82), Asian (OR 0.81 and 95%CI 0.77–0.86) and Black (OR 0.85 and 95%CI 0.8–0.91) ethnic groups had lower odds of referral compared to those in the White group. Conclusion: These findings represent the first analyses of secondary care referrals for children and young people with foot and ankle problems. We have identified that musculoskeletal symptoms were most common reason for referral and the most common speciality involved in assessing foot and ankle problems was trauma and orthopaedics. We have reported sociodemographic differences in secondary care referrals and these findings could be indicative of inequalities in access to care and should be a priority for further research
Industry structure and regulation
No full textAs private firms become increasingly involved in the development of key infrastructure, redefining the role of government from that of serviceprovider to regulator presents both challenges and opportunities. The factors that give rise to sector reforms color how much policymakers invest in regulatory design during the reform process. Nevertheless, two factors are essential to sustainable sector and regulatory reform. First, the right structure must be established for the industry concerned, a structure that allows competition appropriate for that industry. Second, the objectives of regulation must be well defined, with a clear distinction between policymaking, policy implementation, and operations. The extent to which competition can be harnessed to help make regulation efficient, effective, and sustainable depends on the intrinsic technical characteristics of the sector. Each decision affects the sustainability of the regulatory regime in the face of the threat of regulatory capture (both political and commercial). Careful regulatory design is crucial not only for successful sectoral reform but also to balance the interests of various actors (government, consumers, developers, investors, and financiers). One model that has been relatively successful combines new entry, unbundled services, and the unambiguous spelling out of the legal rights and duties for both public and private service providers, administered by an autonomous regulatory authority. Problems with regulation often result as much from inadequate attention to sector structure and fostering competition as from weaknesses in the regulatory authority's institutional capacity. As for the tools of regulation, despite differences in some details between licenses and concessions (and their many contractual variations), these are basically instruments that establish the rights and obligations of contracting parties. Choices about where these rights and obligations are located in the legal hierarchy are shaped by a country's institutional capacity and legal traditions. But the existence of instruments to establish those rights and obligations does not eliminate the need for institutionsto administer them, and thus carry out the regulatory function. Establishing effective sectorwide regulation can be difficult in a developing country, but it is necessary. Policymakers will be able to create effective regulatory regimes where adequate attention is given to sector structure, competition, and institution-building.Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade Finance and Investment,Knowledge Economy,ICT Policy and Strategies,Decentralization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Administrative&Regulatory Law,ICT Policy and Strategies,Water and Industry,Knowledge Economy
To Which Is Prefixed, An Account of the Life and Writings of the Author
No full textBy The late Adam Smith, LL. D. Fellow Of The Royal Societies Of London And Edinburgh, &c. &c.. To Which Is Prefixed, An Account of the Life and Writings of the Author / By Dugald Stewart, F.R.S.E.Bis auf das Impressum und das nur hier vorhandene Zwischentitelblatt für den "Account ..." satzgleich wie die Ausgabe von 1800, also mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit vom selben Drucker (Johann Jakob Thurneysen IV? Wilhelm Haas Sohn?) gedrucktZum Drucker: Germann scheint anzunehmen, dass das Werk von Johann Jakob Thurneysen IV gedruckt wurde (was eine Kooperation von Thurneysen u. Jakob Decker bedeuten würde); falls es sich beim "Editor of the Collection of English Classics" jedoch um Johann Lucas Legrand handeln sollte (und nicht um Thurneysen selbst?), könnte er auch aus Wilhelm Haas' (Sohn) Werkstatt stammen (die Zusammenarbeit von Thurneysen u. Legrand wurde 1791 beendet und Legrand liess danach bei Haas drucken)Keine eigene Nummer bei Germann (nur unter der Ausgabe von 1800, WV Nr. 96, erwähnt
In reply to: 'towards precision regional anesthesia: is the PENG block appropriate for all hip fracture surgeries?'
No full textLetter to the EditorD-Yin Lin, Craig Morrison, Brigid Brown, Alex Saies, Reshma Pawar, Marthinus Vermeulen, Stewart Robert Anderson, Tsai Sheng Lee, Job Doornberg, Hidde Kroon, Ruurd Jaarsm
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