1,721,085 research outputs found
Innovation and external knowledge sources in the furniture industry: Evidence from an Italian industrial district
No full textNo abstract availabl
Le determinanti della performance innovativa delle imprese distrettuali:capitale relazionale vs absorptive capacity
No full textL’interesse rivolto agli aspetti territoriali delle dinamiche innovative ha visto la convergenza di diversi filoni della letteratura economica (Audretsch e Feldman, 1996; Capello, 1999; Breschi e Malerba, 2001). In particolare l’economia regionale pone l’enfasi sui processi di socializzazione della conoscenza, spesso trascurando il ruolo delle strategie d’impresa. Al contrario gli studi dell’economia dell’innovazione attribuiscono il primato all’apprendimento individuale, mettendo in secondo piano il ruolo del territorio. Questo lavoro si propone di stabilire un legame tra questi due approcci elaborando un quadro teorico a partire da due concetti chiave in queste letterature: il capitale relazionale e la absorptive capacity. In questo lavoro si mostra come l’uso congiunto di questi due concetti aiuti a comprendere le dinamiche innovative delle imprese distrettuali. Si presenta inoltre una verifica empirica del quadro teorico. I risultati mostrano che entrambi i fattori hanno un effetto positivo e significativo sulla performance innovativa, benché il contributo dell’absorptive capacity appaia preminente rispetto a quello del capitale relazionale
Lo scambio di informazione e conoscenza nel settore vitivinicolo: un’analisi delle reti sociali
No full textVi è unanime consenso tra gli studiosi circa l’importanza che riveste la cosiddetta atmosfera industriale nel favorire la diffusione di conoscenza nei sistemi locali di produzionie. Ciò nonostan-te, rimane aperto il dibattito circa la natura, i confini ed i meccanismi sottostanti questo fenomeno..
Questo lavoro mira ad offrire un contributo in questo ambito di ricerca esplorando le dinamiche interne alla scatola nera dell’atmosfera industriale attraverso una ricostruzione dei contatti infor-mali su cui si fonda l’apprendimento collettivo. Lo studio si basa su l’analisi empirica di un sistema vitivinicolo italiano ed utilizza la metodologia d’analisi delle reti sociali
The evolution of trade and scientific collaboration networks in the global wine sector: a longitudinal study using network analysis
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Technological regimes, patent growth, and catching-up in green technologies
No full textThis article explores how the components of the technological regime affect catching-up and leadership change in green technologies in countries that are leaders and successful latecomers. We look at the extent to which technological opportunity, cumulativeness, originality and complexity of the knowledge base, and the maturity of technology contribute to the growth of patenting in green technologies. We test the relationships using USPTO patent data in green technologies over a 40-year time span (1975-2015), distinguishing two periods (1975-1999 and 2000-2015) and controlling for country-specific variables. Our results show that opportunity, complexity, originality, and maturity of the technology are positively associated with countries' growth of patenting in green technologies, while cumulativeness has a negative effect, but only in the second period (2000-2015). The stock of knowledge has a positive effect in the first period and a negative effect in the second one. Furthermore, we find confirmation that the process of growth in green patenting has been remarkable in successful latecomer countries (i.e., South Korea, Taiwan, and China)
Innovation and the geographical and functional dimensions of outsourcing: An empirical investigation based on Italian firm level data
No full textThe paper investigates the diversified patterns of outsourcing in the Lombardy region and relates them to the probability of introducing product and process innovation. Based on a large firm-level survey, we show that outsourcing processes are strongly regionally embedded and that offshoring is still a limited phenomenon. Outsourcing strategies are shown to have a positive impact on firms’ innovation. In particular, the outsourcing of service activities contributes the most to innovation, thus suggesting that firms successfully pursue core strengthening strategies. Our econometric estimates show that both geographical and organizational proximity matter. Indeed, the positive association of services with innovation is strongly related to their regional dimension, which points toward the importance of local user-producer relationships. When outsourcing crosses national borders, keeping the outsourced activities at least loosely connected to the firm appears critical, as offshoring to non affiliated firms has a clear negative impact on innovation
Migration and invention in the Age of Mass Migration
No full textMore than 30 million people migrated to the USA between late-ninetieth and early-twentieth century, and thousands became inventors. Drawing on a novel dataset of immigrant inventors in the USA, we assess the city-level impact of immigrants' patenting and their contribution to the technological specialization of the receiving US regions between 1870 and 1940. Our results show that native inventors benefited from the inventive activity of immigrants. In addition, we show that the knowledge transferred by immigrants gave rise to new and previously not exiting technological fields in the US regions where immigrants moved to
MNE spillovers and local export dynamics in China: the role of relatedness and forward–backward linkages
No full textThis article investigates how MNEs influence the export behavior of domestic firms in the context of China. We conceptually disentangle different MNE spillovers related to local export dynamics, linking in a unique framework specific spillover mechanisms, channels, activation conditions and type of knowledge conveyed. Empirically, our analysis relies on a panel dataset containing all Chinese manufacturing firms in the period 2000-2007. The results show that relatedness linkages matter in the context of export quantity, while forward-backward linkages matter for the sophistication of export. These findings suggest that relatedness linkages convey mainly marketing-related knowledge spillovers, while forward-backward linkages are diffusing mainly product-related knowledge spillovers
Green technological diversification: The role of international linkages in leaders, followers and catching-up countries
No full textTo promote a more environmentally sustainable economy, countries need to broaden their innovation activities to include green technologies. In this process, the increasing global interconnectedness and internationalisation of innovative activities underlines the growing importance of external knowledge linkages. This paper examines how different categories of countries - technological leaders, catching-up countries and follower countries - diversify into green technologies by exploiting different types of external linkages through co-inventions with international partners. The dataset covers 49 countries over a period of 40 years. The results show that it is complementary linkages, rather than external linkages alone, that facilitate related diversification in the green sector. Moreover, while complementary linkages have a significant impact on the ability of catching-up countries and followers to diversify into less complex and widely diffused green technologies, the diversification pattern of leaders is more oriented towards complex technologies in their early stages. Therefore, green technology development policies should actively promote international cooperation as it has the potential to catalyse green catching-up and foster sustainable growth
Globalisation of production and innovation: how outsourcing is reshaping an advanced manufacturing area
No full textPervasive outsourcing is transforming business models and productive relations in advanced manufacturing areas. In particular, the international dimension of outsourcing, off-shoring, has been attracting great attention, as it leads to the emergence of global value chains and internationally distributed innovation processes, affecting the position of regions and countries in the international division of labour. The present paper investigates the diversified patterns of outsourcing and off-shoring across industries which have been characterising the recent dynamics of Lombardy, the Italian leading economic region. Based on a large firm-level survey,
the work investigates extent, depth, regional embeddedness and degree of internationalisation of outsourcing processes, differentiating between stages of production, research and service activities. The evidence suggests that fragmentation is remarkably wide and interests all the industrial sectors to a similar extent. However, outsourcing has a clear regional dimension, concerning services at most, and taking the form of extended producer-driven chains, highly embedded in the regional system. Regionally confined fragmentation is driven by final producers of relatively small size, which nevertheless exhibit high skill intensity. Off-shoring is
still, on the other hand, a limited phenomenon, encompassing only a minor fraction of the process of deverticalisation. The evidence depicts off-shoring as part of a wider process of internationalisation by mostly large firms or group subsidiaries at intermediate stages of the value chain, which increasingly rely on international intra-industry trade. The international outsourcing trend appears to be strongly driven by export-oriented firms, whereas foreign direct investment per se seems to play a minor role
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