1,721,113 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Could prophylactic antivirals reduce dengue incidence in a high-prevalence endemic area?
Full text linkProphylactic drugs against dengue are currently under development. In this study, we explored how such prophylactic approaches might affect dengue cases in four communes of Nha Trang City, Vietnam. A community level dengue transmission survey indicated high levels of previous exposure to dengue (89.7%; 95% CI: 87.2,92.0). We fitted a spatially explicit model to an observed outbreak and simulated likely effectiveness of Case-Area Targeted Interventions (CATI) and One-Time Mass Distribution (OTMD) of drug and vector control strategies. Increasing radius and effectiveness and decreasing delay of CATI was most effective, with drugs being more effective in averting dengue cases than vector control. Using an OTMD approach early in the outbreak required the least number of treatments to avert a case, suggesting that OTMD strategies should be considered as pre-emptive rather than reactive strategies. These findings show that pre-emptive interventions can substantially reduce the burden of dengue outbreaks in endemic settings
Is there still yaws in Nigeria? Active case search in endemic areas of southern Nigeria.
Full text linkBackgroundYaws is a disease caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, which is most commonly seen among children below 15 years. In the twentieth century yaws was endemic in Nigeria but eradication strategies markedly reduced the disease burden. Currently there is minimal data on the ongoing transmission of yaws in Nigeria, despite reports of confirmed yaws cases in neighbouring West African countries.MethodsWe conducted both community and school-based active yaws case search among school-aged children in southeast Nigeria. Children were screened by trained community volunteers. Suspected yaws cases were clinically reviewed and tested using rapid diagnostic serological tests.ResultsBetween February and May 2021, up to 28 trained community volunteers screened a total of 105,015 school children for yaws. Overall, 7,706 children with various skin lesions were identified. Eight (8) suspected cases of yaws were reported, reviewed and screened, but none was confirmed using rapid diagnostic tests. The four most common skin conditions identified were scabies (39%), papular urticaria (29%), tinea corporis (14%) and tinea capitis (12%).ConclusionsNo case of yaws was confirmed in this large population of children in south-east Nigeria. Continuous community awareness and yaws case finding activities have been recommended across Nigeria
Failure of pyriproxyfen at recommended application frequency and doses to control Aedes mosquitoes in Thailand.
Full text linkBACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus remain global health concerns. Pyriproxyfen is effective in controlling mosquitoes by disrupting their development. This study seeks to assess pyriproxyfen's ability to prevent Aedes aegypti emergence from water sources. It is part of a trial evaluating pyriproxyfen's impact on reducing mosquito infestation and dengue transmission, verifying its persistence and effectiveness in real-world and laboratory conditions.
METHODS: The study was conducted in Khon Kaen province (northeastern region) and Prachuap Khiri Khan province (western region) of Thailand. We assessed pyriproxyfen residual effectiveness, inhibition of mosquito larval emergence and active ingredients among batches in a pyriproxyfen-based mosquito control trial in Khon Kaen. In Prachuap Khiri Khan we evaluated pyriproxyfen effectiveness across various water sources. The active ingredients in two pyriproxyfen batches were analyzed in a Sumitomo laboratory and in an independent laboratory.
RESULTS: Thirty days after field water containers were treated with pyriproxyfen the inhibition of mosquito larval emergence declined to ~60% and 60 days post-treatment the inhibition of emergence was just ~10%. Two batches of pyriproxyfen tested in the laboratory had > 85% inhibition of emergence and the active ingredient concentrations varied from 0.45-0.52%, close to the manufacturer's specifications of 0.5%. In laboratory experiments, the inhibition of mosquito emergence of pyriproxyfen in different water sources started declining after 42 days. Rain- and groundwater had higher inhibition rates (20-30%) than tap water (~10%) after 98 days. Emergence inhibition rates correlated negatively with water pH (F(1,118) = 5.626, p < 0.001) and positively with total dissolved solids, conductivity, and salinity of the water (F(1,118) = 48.302, p < 0.001), (F(1,118) = 37.022, p < 0.001), and (F(1,118) = 36.699, p < 0.001), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Pyriproxyfen failed to control Aedes mosquitoes at the recommended application frequency and doses in the field. The potential reasons for lack of effectiveness may be caused by environmental factors, such as pH, water source, and other water characteristics or social factors, such as homeowners' behaviors and water storage practices. The study underscores the importance of understanding environmental and social factors to tailor application strategies and ensuring sustained efficacy through regular monitoring, particularly in diverse contexts
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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