1,720,968 research outputs found
A comparative study between virtual and non-virtual workouts pre, during and post Covid-19 South African lockdown
Get PDFM.Phil. (Sport Science)Abstract: The purpose of this study was to draw a comparison between virtual and non-virtual workouts that took place during the different lockdown levels in South Africa implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, during which various restrictions were put in place. The study also examined the different exercise intensities and frequencies that took place prior to lockdown, during lockdown and the workout structure that followed post hard lockdown in South Africa. A quantitative research design was utilised, with data collected by means of an internet-based survey. A total of 120 participants completed the survey with questions focusing on exercise adherence prior to, during and post-lockdown. The majority of the participants who completed the survey resided in Gauteng (86,7%) and were between the ages of 21 and 30 (64,2%). Prior to the COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa (March 2020), 88,3% of participants were already physically active. During lockdown (levels 1 to 5) the workout regimen enjoyed most often was workouts done virtually (52%). Participants who preferred non-virtual workouts were more intrinsically motivated (M = 5,92; SD = 0,91) than those who preferred virtual workouts (M = 5,48; SD = 1,10; p = <0.05), Men (M = 5,99; SD = 0,90) were more intrinsically motivated than women (M = 5,52; SD = 1,07; p = <0.05). Vigorous-intensity exercise (+1,6%) and moderate-intensity exercise (+2,5%) showed an increase in prevalence compared to pre-lockdown intensities.When comparing exercise frequency for 4 days a week or fewer pre and during lockdown, there was an increase in vigorous activity (+2%) and a decrease in moderate-intensity exercise (-4,3%) During the easing of restrictions (post the hard lockdown period in South Africa), participants continued with virtual and non-virtual home workouts. This was despite 41% having returned to fitness facilities and gyms. The implications for this study support the self-determination theory because, in times of lockdown and movement restrictions, individuals were self-determined and intrinsically motivated to continue with or begin to exercise, despite living through a pandemic
The impact of law changes on match loads in university rugby union players during the FNB Varsity Cup
Get PDFAbstract: Rugby union is played at a high intensity making it an appealing sport for spectators to watch. Law changes have been implemented to make the sport more competitive, to create continuity in the sport and to improve the enjoyment factor for the players and spectators. First National Bank (FNB) Varsity Cup Rugby have strived to be innovative by introducing new law variations and strives to make a difference in sport. The aim of this study was to determine the effect that the law changes implemented and match situational variables in the FNB Varsity Cup Rugby during 2016 until 2018 had affected the players’ external load during match play. This study followed a longitudinal retrospective quantitative research design using secondary data from a university rugby union team. A total of 61 players’ external match load was captured on the Catapult Optimeye X4 micro-technology devices. The data was analysed and compared to each season’s data with reference to the law changes implemented during each season and match influencing factors such as match outcome, match location and quality of opponent. The tests done for the results of this research include independent t-tests, ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc analysis. The players’ total distances, high-speed running distances and PlayerLoad were more affected compared to other variables during the three seasons. The front row forwards covered the most distances in 2016 (4317±2017m) when compared to the other seasons, while the back-row forwards and inside backs had higher running distances in 2017 (4554±1787m; 5566±1852m). Whereas, the outside backs ran larger distances in the 2018 season (6337±737m). The backline players ran larger total distances than the forwards did during match play. Additionally, when separating the players into position specific groups, they differed in which year they ran more. It is evident that the running metrics of the players varied between each season analysed. This may indicate there is a difference between the seasons because of law variations introduced or amended. The match location and the iv match outcome also increased the external load when these situational variables change to playing at home and winning matches, respectively.M.Phil. (Sport Sciences
The perceived effects of the menstruation cycle on female swimmers by coaches, parents and swimmers : a case study
Get PDFAbstract: Menstruation is the term used to describe the recurring discharge of the endometrial lining of the uterus as menstrual blood and tissue. Menstruation, however, is only one of several events that occur during what is known as the menstruation cycle. The menstruation cycle affects most adolescent females and, although largely overlooked, does affect women participating in sports. Swimmers, coaches, and parents alike seem to have minimal knowledge of menstruation, its effect on training, and how to adapt to, or overcome, those effects during training or competition. In future, this knowledge could ensure the longevity of female swimmers in the sport and could also be transferred to other sporting contexts. Analysing the extent of knowledge about the menstruation cycle amongst swimmers, parents, and coaches is important. Understanding whether coaches, parents, and swimmers recognise the effect of the menstrual cycle within training and competition provides a more inclusive educational approach to ensure athlete longevity after puberty. It is about creating an understanding between the swimmer and their coach regarding the effect of menstruation during training and competition. This ensures extended and more successful participation and may also assist in dealing with the ‘taboo’ surrounding menstruation and the female athlete...M.Phil. (Sport Sciences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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