1,721,110 research outputs found
Psychological considerations in the surgical management of early breast cancer patients
No full textSurgical research undertaken over the past decade has shown that simple mastectomy and wide excision plus radiotherapy for early breast cancer are similar in terms of disease-free interval and five year survival. It has been suggested that patients with breast cancer should be more involved in the decisions made about treatment. There are, however, little published data which indicate psychological outcome following choice of surgery. In October 1985, a prospective study was commenced to identify the factors which influenced patients' choice of surgery, whether there were differences in pre and post-operative adjustment between those patients undergoing mastectomy and those undergoing wide excision plus radiotherapy, and the extent to which being offered a choice influenced this process. Data were also collected from patients' husbands, and two control groups of patients. The overall results indicated that the patients offered a choice of surgery, and their husbands, were less distressed following diagnosis and treatment than those patients, and their husbands, not offered a choice. There were negligible differences between patients who chose mastectomy, and those who chose wide excision plus radiotherapy. It is argued that offering patients a choice of surgery reduces the levels of distress commonly observed in this group of patients, and that patients with early breast cancer should be offered a choice of surgery wherever possible. The results also indicated that the adjustment process is enhanced in the husbands of patients with early breast cancer when patients are actively involved in the decision about surgery. A questionnaire survey of consultant surgeons in England was undertaken concurrently to establish the surgical approach to the management of early breast cancer patients in hospitals outside Southampton. The results showed that there was no definitve approach to the surgical management of early breast cancer. The implications of the results from both studies are discussed in the context of the proposed national breast cancer screening programme. (D82118)</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A trade-based Forest Club as a path to halting Tropical deforestation
No full textDeforestation is a critical global issue that urgently requires action to prevent irreversible environmental damage. Although the European Union has recently introduced regulations to curb tropical deforestation linked to imports, our analysis, which combines geospatial and economic tools, shows that these measures address only a fraction of the global problem (protecting only around 58,000 hectares of tropical forest annually) and shift forest loss to temperate regions while imposing significant costs on tropical, forest‐rich nations. To explore the potential of broader international cooperation to limit deforestation, we employ a global trade model, building an iterative game-theoretic approach integrating land-use dynamics across different ecological zones7. Here we show that adopting a Forest Club approach, inspired by the "Climate Clubs"8 concept, can effectively reduce tropical deforestation. By initiating unilateral efforts, analyzing deforestation at local levels, and implementing appropriate economic incentives and trade-related financial mechanisms, it is possible to form a cooperative group that attracts more countries over time. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a globally stable Forest Club that could significantly reduce global deforestation—by up to 15 million hectares—without imposing undue economic burdens. This highlights how well‐designed tariffs and negotiations can spark a stable, collective response to tropical forest loss worldwide
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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