394 research outputs found
Right to farm laws
No full textIn the lead up to the 2015 State election it was reported in The Land that the Coalition Government and NSW Farmers had entered into “an unprecedented” memorandum of understanding. Among the “key commitments” entered into were the reform of biodiversity laws and consideration of “proposals for a Right to Farm policy during 2015”.
In July 2014, at its annual conference, NSW Farmers passed a motion calling for “right to farm” legislation. Based on an article by Graham Brown, a NSW Farmers’ executive councillor, that argument seems to have two main aspects:
primarily, granting immunity to farmers from litigation involving nuisance complaints, in particular those arising from the interface between the “smelly, sometimes noisy” realities of farming and “expanding urban centres”; and
secondarily, providing protection from regulatory imposition by governments, State and local, referred to as “hindrances” to land use, including the placing by local councils of e-zones over agricultural property.
The article by Graham Brown concluded:
"In the face of extractive issues, expanding urban centres and red and green tape on-farm, protecting and promoting our farmers’ ability to conduct business, manage the landscape, provide environmental stewardship and grow food, must be supported in legislation."
The case was expressly adopted on 23 June 2015 by Robert Brown MLC of the Shooters and Fishers Party. He spoke in favour of “right to farm” policy and, calling for a parliamentary inquiry into the issue, Mr Brown argued that:
"The increasing trend of urban sprawl has presented some grim implications when the interests of agriculture clash with the lifestyle expectations of semi-rural property owners on the fringes of urban areas, or indeed in whole regions of New South Wales."
This e-brief discusses the history and purpose of “right to farm” laws and their application in the US and Canada. The position in Australia is also discussed, as is the question of the place of such laws in the broader context of the system of planning legislation. 
Silence that matters: Understanding conversations in interdisciplinary collaboration
No full textIn our focus on spoken conversation we tend to forget that there are also things not said. In failing to acknowledge these silences, much of what is significant may be overlooked. This book presents the findings of ethnographic fieldwork in intra- and inter-university collaboration, including that of Dutch and Chinese scientists. It also offers theoretical insights into the connection between silence and social learning. Silence is analysed in four functions. Understanding these has major practical implications for improving the ways in which we work together.Science Education and Communicatio
A Preliminary Structural and Micropalaeobotanical Investigation of some Uppermost Cretaceous Coals from Western Canada
No full textTitle: A Preliminary Structural and Micropalaeobotanical Investigation of some Uppermost Cretaceous Coals from Western Canada, Author: Glenn E. Rouse, Location: ThodeA preliminary examination of the structural features and plant microfossils which characterize coals from thin seams in the Uppermost Cretaceous formation of western Alberta. Descriptions of the structural units and microfossils are complemented by quantitative appraisals of plant microfossil associations. Suggestions of probable floral components which existed during Uppermost Cretaceous imps and possibilities of seam correlation and separation are forwarded. Illustrated by five photographic plates.ThesisCandidate in Philosoph
Flexible fragmentation: Transforming a neighbourhood, by segmented transformation of the Borstblok
No full textRMITArchitectur
Qubit arrays in germanium
No full textSpin quantum bits (qubits) defined in semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as a promising platform for quantum information processing. Various semiconductor materials have been studied as a host for the spin qubit. Over the last decade, research focussed on the group‐IV semiconductor silicon, owing to its compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing technology and the ability to eliminate magnetic noise through isotope purification. However, to this end, hole states in germanium can be considered as well. Furthermore, their low effective mass and high carrier mobility allow for well‐controlled devices, the lack of valley states ensures a well‐defined qubit manifold and the intrinsic spin‐orbit coupling enables all‐electric control. In this thesis, we study strained planer germanium quantum wells, with a focus on applications for quantum information processing.In Chapter 5, we discuss the material platform growth and properties. We show that starting from a silicon wafer, using a reverse grading process, defect‐free, undoped, strained, and shallow germanium quantum wells can be grown, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and x‐ray measurements. Using heterostructure field‐effect transistors, we characterise the transport properties of the material and find a carrier mobility of μ > 500,000 cm2/Vs. Furthermore, we study the effect of the quantum well depth on the quantum mobility and charge noise sensitivity (Chapter 6) and observe an improvement in both parameters when the quantum well depth is increased from 20 nm to 60 nm.The spin qubit is defined by a hole spin confined in a gate‐defined quantum dot. In Chapter 7 we study the properties of a quantum dot in planar germanium. We describe the nanofabrication process we use to define gate‐controllable quantum dots, contacted by metallic ohmic leads. A nearby quantum dot is used as a charge sensor, which can be read out using high‐bandwidth reflectometry measurements. This allows us to deplete a two‐by‐two quantum dot array to the single‐hole charge occupation, as a host for the spin qubits.Having established a fabrication integration scheme to define quantum dots and ohmic regions, we move to qubit operation in Chapter 8. We measure a double quantum dot in transport and observe a blockade of the transport current for certain hole occupation numbers. This is found to be caused by Pauli spin blockade and can be used to perform the spin‐to‐charge conversion. When a microwave tone resonant with the magnetic field induced Zeeman splitting is applied, the blockaded transport current recovers. This is the result of an induced spin flip, mediated by electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR). Using a tailored measurement technique to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the transport measurements, we demonstrate coherent rotations of the spins in both quantum dots at a Rabi frequency of up to 100 MHz. By operating at the point of the lowest charge noise sensitivity, we find qubit dephasing times beyond 800 ns and a single qubit control fidelity above 99 %. To form a universal quantum gate set, an entangling operation is needed as well. We implement a two‐qubit conditional rotation gate, mediated by the exchange interaction between the qubits. Using the dedicated tunnel barrier gate, we can set the exchange interaction as high as 60 MHz, enabling fast and coherent two‐qubit rotations.Transport measurements only allow for sampling of the average measurement outcome over an ensemble of individual shots. In Chapter 9 we establish single‐shot measurements of a single‐hole spin qubit by making use of a separate radio‐frequency charge sensor. This allows us to isolate the qubits from their hole reservoirs, and we find increased spin relaxation times of over 1 ms. Furthermore, we observe a strong electric modulation of the hole g‐factor that can be attributed to the spin‐orbit coupling and ensures individual qubit addressability.Practical quantum computing applications require large numbers of qubits and many proposals rely on two‐dimensional (2D) layouts to achieve this. As a first step towards 2D grids of spin qubits, we operate a two‐by‐two qubit array in Chapter 10. A latched readout process is implemented to increase the readout visibility and overcome spin relaxation during spin‐to‐charge conversion. Fast single‐qubit gates are achieved using EDSR, with control fidelities of over 99 % for all four qubits. By implementing dynamical decoupling sequences, low‐frequency noise can be mitigated and the phase coherence of the qubit can be increased by several orders of magnitude, up to 100 μs.Harnessing the electric control over the quantum dot coupling, we show the gate‐controlled isolation and coupling of all four qubits, enabling one‐, two‐, and threefold conditional qubit rotations. The large range of control over the exchange interaction also allows performing a controlled phase (CZ) two‐qubit gate in only 10 ns. Implementing a quantum circuit based on CZ gates between all qubits, we coherently entangle and disentangle the four qubits in a Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger (GHZ) state.Finally, in Chapter 11 we study the integration of superconductors into the platform and define gate‐controlled Josephson junctions. We observe a supercurrent through the quantum well over a length up to 6 μm. The critical current of the junction can be modulated using the top gate, up to a maximum IcRN of 17 μV. We demonstrate the Josephson nature of the supercurrent by showing the presence of both the dc and ac Josephson effect. From multiple Andreev reflection and excess current measurements, we extract a characteristic superconducting gap size of 0.2 meV and a junction transparency of 0.6. Finally, we define a superconducting quantum point contact and observe discretisation of the supercurrent, showing superconducting transport restricted to individual channels.QCD/Veldhorst La
Shifts in Eastern German Production Structure Under Market Forces
No full textThe paper is organized into three major sections. The first section considers agricultural production prior to German reunification in 1990. It looks at the agricultural production structure in the region prior to the division of Germany in 1945 as well as the patterns which arose under the communist government. The second section starts with the 1989 situation and then discusses the initial adjustments seen as market forces are introduced -- 1990 and 1991. The third section builds upon this base to speculate on how the production structure will unfold in the future.International Relations/Trade,
Performance Analysis of the Modified Circuit Reservation Multiple Access Protocol with Signalling Traffic aspects
No full textThe modified Circuit Reservation Multiple Access (CRMA) protocol is a new wireless communication protocol that has been proposed for the use in a cellular environment. CRMA is a hybrid Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) / Slotted ALOHA protocol. The protocol controls the activity of the Time Division Duplexing (TDD) channel and it is able to serve users with Continuous and Variable Bit Rate (CBR and VBR) traffics. The Slotted ALOHA protocol is the basis upon which the access mechanism for the VBR traffic is based, while receiving additional improvements. For the CBR traffic, the allocated bandwidth is guaranteed by the TDMA scheme. The signalling aspect for this protocol is studied and the integration of the signalling traffic within the system is presented and investigated. A priority strategy for the different traffic types is employed. The operation of the protocol, in which the signalling is embedded, is simulated and the system performances are analysed in terms of throughput and delay.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceTelecommunicatie- en Verkeersbegeleidingssysteme
A Study of Growth and Morphogenesis in Oedogonium cardiacum
No full textTitle: A Study of Growth and Morphogenesis in Oedogonium cardiacum, Author: James A. Wilfong, Location: ThodeThe investigations concerned the effect of some environmental factors on growth and zoospore production in Oedogonium cardiacum. Media and culture techniques were developed which favoured optimum growth, zoosporulation within a define time period. The normal sequence of cell divisions was established for young filaments. This was a problem of fundamental interest in algal ontogeny. The normal sequence of cell divisions in filaments was disturbed by treatment with ionizing radiation. A different ontogenetic sequence was induced by ionizing radiation and this sequence was often associated with those individuals which were classified as non-survivors.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD
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