1,720,954 research outputs found
Impact du séchage sur les valeurs nutritionnelles du poivre cambodgien (Piper nigrum L.)
No full textPepper (Piper nigrum L.) production has a centuries-long history linked to the Cambodian territory. This spice was first grown in Kampot province and has now spread widely to other provinces in Cambodia. Pepper has myriad health benefits for consumers due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. This work aimed to improve understanding of the key elements influencing the quality of the Cambodian pepper. The research is divided into four main parts: a review article on piperine content and drying conditions of pepper (Piperaceae family); an observational study of traditional processing and evaluation of bioactive compounds, piperine, and essential oil content of several black pepper (P. nigrum) varieties grown in different regions of Cambodia; an experimental characterisation of drying Kampot red pepper; and an exploration of the effect of processing operation on colour, bioactive compounds, piperine and essential oil content of white pepper (P. nigrum).The first section describes research on piperine extraction and quantification in peppers from the Piperaceae family. This includes the various processing techniques as well as extraction and analytical methods. Based on the review, Soxhlet extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet detector have been most and commonly used to qualify and to quantify the piperine content in peppers. In the second section, traditional pepper processing in Cambodia was observed by using a questionnaire given to farmers. The survey was conducted in five provinces in Cambodia: Kampot, Kep, Tboung Khmum, Ratanakiri, and Mondulkiri, where pepper varieties such as Khmer, Malaysian, and Indian were collected for analysis. The processing operation including pre-treatment and drying technique of white, black, and red pepper varies from farmer to farmer and from region to region. The different varieties of pepper cultivated in Cambodia have distinct qualities. The total phenolic content (TPC) rangedfrom 4.33 to 12.57 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry mass and antioxidant activity was from 1.03 to 3.75 mg vitamin C equivalents/g dry mass. The piperine content was 2.72%-4.31%, while the essential oil content was 1.75%-4.05%. The Khmer variety had the highest piperine content whereas the Indian variety had the highest TPC. The location of the pepper plantation did not influence TPC, antioxidant activity, piperine content, and essential oil content; however, pepper variety impacted TPC, piperine, and essential oil content.The third section includes the experimental characterisation of drying mature Khmer cultivar pepper (P. nigrum) harvested from Kampot province in Cambodia. Different pre-treatment in boiling water (0, 5, 10, and 15 min) and drying temperatures (55 and 65°C) were evaluated. TPC, total flavonoid content (TFC), and piperine content of mature peppers were determined after processing. The drying temperature altered significantly colour, TPC, and TFC of mature peppers but did not affect the piperine content. Increasing the drying temperature caused more degradation. Nevertheless, pretreatment in boiling water reduced the alterations and increased the drying rate. To produce the dry mature pepper, the Khmer cultivar should be pre-treated in boiling water for 5 min before drying at 55°C because this condition best preserves the colour of mature pepper and the content of bioactive compounds.The fourth section addresses the effect of the processing operation (pre-treatment in boiling water, soaking, and drying) on colour and content of bioactive compounds, piperine, and essential oil of Khmer cultivar white pepper (P. nigrum). The white pepper was produced from different maturation stages such as green mature, mid-ripe, and fully ripe harvested from Ratanakiri province in Cambodia. All of the samples were pre-treated in boiling water for 0, 10, 15, or 30 min and soaked in water for 2 days for mid-ripe and fully ripe and 4 days for green mature. After removing the skin, the pepper grains were oven dried at 65°C for 24 h. The colour was measured and TPC, antioxidant activity, and piperine content were determined. The processing operation did not affect the essential oil and piperine content of white pepper. However, it had a significant influence on the colour, TPC, antioxidant activity, and drying kinetics of white pepper. The TPC and antioxidant activity were lost after the skin removal and pre-treatment in boiling water for 10 min, changes that led to increased drying kinetics. However, when boiled for more than 10 min, the drying kinetics remained stable.Overall, this research has contributed new insights and information related to the processing of black, red, and white pepper. The results of this work could help farmers to understand more about traditional practices towards pepper processing. Moreover, farmers could choose the right variety for the pepper plantation and valorise their peppers so that they could compete with the peppers from protected geographical areas such as Kampot and Kep provincesDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologieinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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