1,720,972 research outputs found
Pigs’ husbandry as case study to test effects of vegetable residues’ hydrolysates on animals
Full text linkSoluble biopolymers (SBO) are research products obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of municipal and agriculture bio-residues. They contain a mix of soluble macromolecules with different C types and functional groups. These features make SBO multipurpose products for the chemical industry, agriculture and animal husbandry. As such, they may contribute to the development of bio-based circular economy by recycling renewable carbon over urban and agriculture environments. To foster production and commercialization, assessment of SBO’s compliance with countries’ regulations is mandatory. The authors performed the present in vivo pigs study to investigate quality, safety, and efficacy of SBO’s as animal feed supplement. Total 106 male and female piglets were fed 42 days with protein-based diets containing 0.1 and 0.2 % SBO. Pigs grew from average 7.7 to 26 kg. Average mortality rate was 3.9 %. Relatively to control diets with no added SBO, the diets containing 0.1 and 0.2 % SBO evidenced no significant effects on pigs’ growth, mortality, and anatomy and pathology of dead animals. A previous rabbit study reported similar results for SBO supplemented diets. The authors discuss the economic and environmental implications of the results in relation to SBO potential marketability
Lipid microencapsulation allows slow release of organic acids and natural identical flavors along the swine intestine
No full textDiets with low glycemic index minimized weight loss in rats reared in a simulation of microgravity by hindlimb suspension
No full textTributyrin and lactitol synergistically enhanced the trophic status of the intestinal mucosa and reduced histamine levels in the gut of nursery pigs
No full textThis study determined whether tributyrin and lactitol could synergistically facilitate the transition from milk to solid feed in nursery pigs. At 21 d after birth, 64 piglets were moved from the piggery to a production barn and fed a medicated diet. At 28 d after birth, the piglets were weighed and allotted into four groups and fed a standard nonmedicated diet (control) or the control diet with tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester; 10 g/kg), or with lactitol (β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-sorbitol; 3 g/kg), or with tributyrin (10 g/kg) plus lactitol (3 g/kg). On d 0, 14, and 42 after being fed the control or experimental diets, the animals were weighed, and animal health, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined. On d 42, four piglets from each treatment were killed to measure the empty and full weight of the gut, as well as the weights of the liver and kidneys. The jejunum and cecum were sampled to analyze the luminal concentrations of lactic acid; short-chain fatty acids; and mono-, di-, and polyamines and to assess the mucosal status. Mortality after 42 d ranged from 19% for animals fed the control diet, to 6% for animals fed the tributyrin or lactitol diets, and to 0% for animals fed the tributyrin+lactitol diet. After 14 d, the ADG was 127% greater (P < 0.05) in animals fed the tributyrin+lactitol diet than in animals fed the control or tributyrin diets. After 42 d, animals fed the tributyrin+lactitol diet were heavier (P < 0.05) than animals fed the tributyrin diet. At slaughter, no differences (P > 0.05) in organ weights were observed. With the exception of animals fed the lactitol diet, wherein cecal lactic acid levels increased threefold (P < 0.01), the luminal concentrations of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids were not different (P > 0.05). Among the various amines analyzed, the only response (P < 0.05) was a 66 and 49% decrease in histamine levels in the jejunum and cecum, respectively, in animals fed the tributyrin+lactitol diet compared to the control diet. In the jejunum of animals fed the lactitol or tributyrin+lactitol diets, the length of the villi was increased by 12% (P < 0.05) compared to animals fed the control diet, whereas the tributyrin diet did not have any effect on the villi (P > 0.05). In the cecum, the depths of the crypts were reduced (P < 0.001) by 18% in animals fed the lactitol diet and 45% in animals fed the tributyrin or tributyrin+lactitol diets compared to animals fed the control diet. In conclusion, a diet containing tributyrin and lactitol as nutribiotics resulted in lower histamine levels in the jejunum and cecum, as well as longer jejunal villi and shallower cecal crypts. ©2002 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sodium butyrate improves growth performance of weaned piglets during the first period after weaning
No full textThe purpose of the present work was to evaluate whether the addition of sodium butyrate to feed could facilitate weaning and growth response in piglets. For 56 days two groups of 20 piglets (9.2±1.4 kg LW) were fed an acidified basal diet (containing formic and lactic acid at 0.5 and 1.5 g/kg of feed, respectively) without (control group) or with sodium butyrate (SB) at 0.8 g/kg. Average daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed efficiency (FE) and live weight (LW) were recorded. In the first two weeks, butyrate supplementation increased ADG (+20%; P<0.05) and DFI (+16%; P<0.05). During the subsequent period (15 to 35 days) animals fed SB had a higher DFI but lower feed efficiency (+10% and -14%, respectively; P<0.05) than animals fed the control diet. No other benefits were observed thereafter. The data presented showed that the use of sodium butyrate facilitated only the initial phase of adaptation to a solid diet in piglets
SWINE TOXICITY OF SCOPOLAMINE AND HYOSCIAMINE ALKALOIDS, CHARACTERISTIC OF DATURA FEROX SEEDS
No full textPediocin A improves growth performance of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate
the efficacy of the anticlostridial pediocin A from Pediococcus
pentosaceus FBB61 to contain negative effects
associated to Clostridium proliferation in broilers,
through 2 subsequent investigations. In the first study,
36 Ross 508 broilers were divided into 3 groups and
fed for 21 d as follows: the control diet (CTR), the
control diet supplemented with supernatant filtrate of
a culture of P. pentosaceus FBB61-2 (Bac−, isogenic
mutant nonproducing pediocin A), and the control diet
supplemented with supernatant filtrate of a culture of
P. pentosaceus FBB61 (Bac+) containing pediocin A.
Birds were challenged with 106 cells of Clostridium perfringens.
In the second study, 216 Ross 508 broilers
were allocated in 18 pens and divided into 3 groups
fed the same diet for 42 d: a control group (CTR), a
group challenged with 108 cells of C. perfringens (CP),
and a group challenged with 108 cells of C. perfringens
and receiving the control diet supplemented with P.
pentosaceus FBB61 and pediocin A (PA). Broiler BW,
ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion rate were measured
throughout the studies. At the end of both experiments,
an appropriate number of birds was killed and
analyzed for necrotic enteritis lesions and microbiological
examinations. In the first study, on d 9, ADG and
BW were 20% higher for Bac+ compared with CTR
and Bac−; on d 14, ADG was higher for Bac+ (+23%,
P < 0.05), whereas BW was higher for Bac+ and Bac−
compared with CTR (+23 and +14%, respectively; P
< 0.05). In the second study, on d 14, ADG and BW
were higher for PA compared with CTR and CP (+15%
on average; P < 0.05), whereas between 15 and 42 d,
there was only a tendency toward a higher ADG for
PA when compared with the CP group (+4%, P =
0.08). Diet supplementation with pediocin A improved
broiler growth performance during the challenge with
C. perfringens and tended to restore the ADG depletion
during the 42-d period
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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